°ñÀý (Fracture)
|ÀϹݰñÀý|³ëÀμº°ñÀý|°ü·Ã³í¹®| ÁÖ¿ä ³»¿ëÀº"°ñÀý ¹×
Å»±¸ÇÐ" Ã¥(¹Ú¸í½Ä Àú,°í·ÁÀÇÇÐÃâÆÇ, ÀüÁÖÀÇÇмÁ¡(063-251-2365)¿¡
¼ö·ÏµÇ¾î ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.
º» ³»¿ë¿¡ °üÇÑ ÀúÀÛ±ÇÀº ÀúÀÚ¿¡°Ô ÀÖÀ¸¸ç »ó¾÷Àû ¸ñÀûÀ¸·Î »ç¿ëµÉ ¼ö ¾ø½À´Ï´Ù.
µÚÆíÀ¸·Î °¡½Ç¼ö·Ï ³ëÀο¡°Ô ¸¹Àº °í°üÀýºÎ °ñÀý¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ³»¿ëÀ» º¸½Ç¼ö
ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.
¼ºÀÎ °í°üÀý Å»±¸(ÍÆÎ¼ï½÷Ï¿ Dislocations of
hip)
I. ÇØºÎÇÐ
°í°üÀýÀº ÀÎüÀÇ ¸ðµç °üÀý Áß¿¡¼ Á¦ÀÏ ¾ÈÁ¤µÈ °üÀýÀÌ¸é¼ °ß°üÀý ´ÙÀ½À¸·Î ¸Å¿ì ±¤¹üÀ§ÇÑ ¿îµ¿¿µ¿ªÀ» °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Ù.
°í°üÀý¿¡ °É¸®´Â ÈûÀº º¸Çà¼Óµµ µîÀÇ ¿©·¯°¡Áö Á¶°Ç¿¡ ÀÇÇØ º¯ÈµÇÁö¸¸ üÁß ÀÇ 1.59¡4.5¹è(Rydell 1966)¶ó°í
ÇÑ´Ù.
¾ÈÁ¤¼ºÀ» ³ôÀ̱â À§ÇØ ºñ±¸¿¬(glenoid lip)ÀÌ ºñ±¸¸¦ ´õ¿í ±í°Ô Çϰí Ȱ¾×ÀÌ °ñ µÎ¿Í ±¸(Ï¿)ÀÇ ¹ÐÂø¼ºÀ»
³ô¿©ÁÖ°í ÀÖÀ¸¸ç,
´ëÅð°ñµÎ Àδë(ligament of head of femur)°¡ °ñµÎ¿Í ±¸¸¦ ¿¬°áÇϰí ÀÖÀ¸¸ç,
¨çÀå´ëÅðÀδë(iliofemoral lig.(°¡Àå ¾È Á¤)) ¨èÁ´ëÅðÀδë(ischiofemoral lig.) ¨é Ä¡´ëÅð°ñ
Àδë(pubofemoral lig.)°¡ ¹Û¿¡ º¸°µÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù.
°í°üÀý Å»±¸´Â Á¤Çü¿Ü°úÀû ÀÀ±ÞÀ¸·Î ¿Ü»ó ÈÄ 24½Ã°£ À̳»¿¡ Á¤º¹½ÃÄÑ¾ß Çϸç, ¹«Ç÷¼º±«»ç(AVN), ¿Ü»ó¼º
°üÀý¿°(post traumatic arthritis) µîÀÇ ÇÕº´ÁõÀ» ÁÙ¿©¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. II.
´ëÅð°ñ °ñȽñâ(femur ossification)
°ñµÎ(head, end) : 1¡8¼¼(fusion) ´ëÀüÀÚºÎ(greater trochanter) : 4¡18¼¼
¼ÒÀüÀÚºÎ(lesser trochanter) : 13, 14¡18¼¼ III. °í°üÀý ¿îµ¿( range
of motion )
±¼°î-½ÅÀü(Flexion-Extension) : 140° ³»È¸Àü-¿ÜȸÀü(Internal
rotation-External rotation) : 90° ¿ÜÀü-³»Àü(Abduction-Adduction) : 75°·Î¼ º¸Çà½Ã¿¡´Â ±¼°î
60°¿Í ¾à°£ ÀÇ ³», ¿ÜÀü ¹× ³», ¿ÜȸÀüÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù. ±â¸³ À§Ä¡¿¡¼´Â Àü¹æ Àå´ëÅð Àδë (anterior iliofemoral
ligament)¿¡ ź·ÂÀÌ ÁÖ¾îÁ®¼ ±Ù·ÂÀÌ ¾ø´õ¶óµµ °í°ü ÀýÀº ¾ÈÁ¤µÈ´Ù. IV.
»ý¿ªÇÐ(biomechanics)
1. °í°üÀý¿¡ °É¸®´Â ÈûÀº º¸Çà¼Óµµ µîÀÇ ¿©·¯°¡Áö Á¶°Ç¿¡ ÀÇÇØ º¯ÈµÇÁö¸¸ ü ÁßÀÇ 1.59¡4.5¹è(¾à
3.5¹è)°¡ µÈ´Ù. ÆíÈ÷ ´©¿ö¼ ÇÑÂÊ ´Ù¸®¸¦ µé¾î ¿Ã¸± ¶§ ¹Ý´ëÃø °í°üÀý¿¡ ÀÛ¿ëÇÏ´Â ÈûÀº üÁß ÀÇ ¾à 5¹è¿¡ À̸¦ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. º´º¯ÀÌ ÀÖ´Â
°í°üÀý¿¡ ÁÖ¾îÁö´Â ÇÏÁßÀ» °¨¼Ò½ÃŰ´Â ¹æ¹ýÀº ¡Ø ¨ç üÁßÀ» °¨¼Ò½ÃŰ´Â °Í ¨è º´¼Ò°¡ ÀÖ´Â ÂÊÀ¸·Î ¸öÀ» ±â¿ïÀÌ´Â °Í ¨é ÁöÆÎÀ̳ª ¸ñ¹ß »ç¿ëÀ¸·Î
üÁßÀÌ ¼ÕÀ¸·Î ºÎÇϽÃŰ´Â ¹æ¹ýÀ¸·Î °í°üÀý¿¡ ÁÖ ¾îÁö´Â ÈûÀ» ¾à 1/8±îÁö ÁÙÀÏ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¡Ø
2. ÇÑÂÊ´Ù¸®·Î ¼¹À»¶§ÀÇ ´ëÅð°ñµÎ¿¡ ÁÖ¾îÁö´Â ÇÏÁß R´Â ¿ÜÀü±ÙÀÇ ÈûM¿Í üÁß¿¡ ¼ ÇÑÂÊ´Ù¸®ÀÇ ¹«°Ô¸¦ »« ¹«°Ô
K(üÁß W-1/6W)ÀÇ ÇÕÀÌ´Ù <Fig. 21-3 ÂüÁ¶>. ´Ù½Ã¸»Çϸé KÀÇ ÀÛ¿ë¼±ÀÇ ´ëÅð °ñµÎ¿ÍÀÇ °Å¸®ÀÎ OC¿¡ µû¶ó M°¡
°áÁ¤µÈ´Ù°í ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ÀÌ M °ª¿¡ R Àº ¸¹ÀÌ Á¿ìµÈ´Ù. üÁß KÀÇ Áö·¹±æÀÌ(lever arm) OC´Â ¿ÜÀü±ÙÀÇ Áö·¹±æÀÌ(lever
arm) OBÀÇ 2¹èÁ¤µµ ÀÌ´Ù. µû¶ó¼ °í°üÀý¿¡ Æò ÇüÀ» À¯ÁöÇϱâ À§Çؼ´Â ¿ÜÀü±ÙÀÇ Èû(M)Àº üÁßK(W-1/6w)ÀÇ 2¹èÀÇ ÈûÀÌ ÀÛ ¿ëÇÏ¿©¾ß
ÇÑ´Ù. µû¶ó¼ À̶§ °í°üÀýÀÌ ¹Þ´Â ÇÏÁß RÀº ¿ÜÀü±Ù MÀÇ Èû°ú üÁß K ÀÇ ¹«°ÔÀÌ´Ù1). R = M+K = 2K+K = 3K =
3(W-1/6W) = 3W-3/6W = 15/6W = 2.5W V. ºÐ·ù A
Àü¹æÅ»±¸(anterior dislocation by Epstein)
Á¦ 1Çü : superior dislocations (include pubic and
subspinous)
Á¦ 2Çü : inferior dislocations (include obturator, thyroid and
perineal dislocations) Epstein - Classification of
Anterior Dislocations of the Hip
Type I : Superior dislocations (includes pubic and subspinous
dislocations)
Type IA : No associated fracture (simple dislocation)
Type IB : Associated fracture of the head (transchondral of
inden- tation type and/or neck of the femur Type IC :
Associated fracture of the acetabulum Type II :
Inferior (includes obturator, thyroid, and perineal dislocations)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ÈĹæÅ»±¸ÀÇ ºÐ·ù by Thompson & Epstein Classification of Posterior
Dislocations of the Hip
Type I: With or Without minor fracture Type II: With a large simple fracture of the posterior acetabular
rim Type III: With comminution of the rim of the
acetabulum with or without a major fragment Type IV:
With fracture of the acetabular floor Type V: With fracture of the femoral head
--------------------------------------------------------------------------- ´ëÅð°ñµÎ °ñÀýÀÇ ºÐ·ù by Pipkin
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Type I: Posterior dislocation of the hip with fracture of the
femoral head caudad to the fovea centralis Type II:
Posterior dislocation of the hip with fracture of the femoral head cephalad to
the fovea centralis Type III: Type I or II with
associated fracture of the femoral neck Type IV: Type
I, II, or III with associated fracture of the acetabulum
------------------------------------------------------------------------------ VI ¼ºÀÎÀÇ °í°üÀý Å»±¸
A. Àü¹æ °í°üÀý Å»±¸(anterior
dislocation)
1. ºóµµ : 10¡15%
2. ºÐ·ù- types pubic obturator perineal-scortumÀ¸·Î
3.Ä¡·á- ´ëºÎºÐ µµ¼öÁ¤º¹ °¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù, µµ¼öÁ¤º¹ÀÌ ¾ÈµÇ¸é ilioinguinal approach·Î ¼ö¼úÇÑ´Ù. Á¤º¹À»
¹æÇØÇÒ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ±¸Á¶¹°·Î´Â rectus femoris and iliopsoas torn hip capsules (buttonhole
entrapment of femoral head by the capsule).
4 ÇÕº´Áõ :
Ãʱâ : ¨ç ½Å°æÇ÷°ü ¼Õ»ó(neurovascular femoral artery, nerve, vein ¼Õ»ó) ¨è
Á¤º¹ºÒ´É(irreducibility)
Èıâ : ¨ç ¿Ü»ó¼º °üÀý¿°(posttraumatic arthritis) ¨è ¹«Ç÷¼º ±«»ç(aseptic
necrosis) ¨é ÀçÅ»±¸(recurrent dislocation) B. ÈÄ¹æ °í°üÀý Å»±¸(posterior dislocation)
1. ºóµµ : 85¡90% of hip dislocation
2. ¼Õ»ó±âÀü ´ë°³ ±³Åë»ç°í·Î¼ °è±â¹Ý ¼Õ»ó(dashboard injury)¿¡¼ ÀϾ´Âµ¥ ½½°ü Àý, °í°üÀýÀÇ
±¼°î»óÅ¿¡¼ ½½°üÀý Àü¹æ¿¡¼ ¿Ü»óÀÌ °¡ÇØÁú ¶§ »ý±ä´Ù
. ¼Õ»ó±âÀüÀÇ ¼ø¼----
¨ç ¹«¸ÀÌ °è±â¹Ý¿¡ Ãæµ¹ÇÑ´Ù(Knee strikes the dashboard). ¨è ´ëÅð´Â ±¼°î ¹× ³»ÀüµÇ¾î
ÀÖ´Ù(The thigh is flexed and adducted). ¨é ´ëÅð°ñµÎ´Â ºñ±¸ ¹ÛÀ¸·Î Å»±¸µÈ´Ù(The femoral head is
driven backward out of the acetabulum). 5. µµ¼öÁ¤º¹ ¹æ¹ý 1.
Allis ¹æ¹ý 2. Stimson ¹æ¹ý
Typical Deformity* ¨ç hip is flexed.
¨è hip is adducted. ¨é hip is internally rotated. <Fig. 21-7> Stimson's
gravity ¨ê affected extremity apparent shortening method of reduction ¨ë greater
trochanter and buttock on affected side are unusually prominent. ¨ì knee of the
affected extremity rests on the opposite thigh. 6.
¼ö¼úÀûÀÀÁõ(open reduction indications)
1) µµ¼öÁ¤º¹ÀÌ ¾ÈµÇ°Å³ª (closed reduction is not successful)(up to
3ÁÖÀÌ»ó)
2) Á¤º¹ ÈÄ¿¡µµ ºÒ¾ÈÁ¤Çϰųª(reduction is unstable)
3) °üÀý¿¡ °ñÆíÀÌ ³¢¾î ÀÖ´Â °æ¿ì(fracture fragment trapped between joint
surface) 7. ÈĹæÅ»±¸ ÇÕº´Áõ
1) Ãʱâ
(1) Á°ñ½Å°æ ¼Õ»ó(sciatic nerve paresis) (2) Á¤º¹ºÒ´É(irreducible)-
buttonholing of femoral head through hip capsule or interposition of piriformis
muscle. (3) ½½°üÀý Àδë¼Õ»ó ¹× À߸øÁø´Ü(missed knee ligament injuries) ÈÄ¹æ ½ÊÀÚÀÎ´ë ¼Õ»óÈÄ ¿ÜÃø ȸÀüÇü
ºÒ¾ÈÁ¤¼º(posterolateral rotary instability) (4) °ßÀÎ Áß ÀçÅ»±¸(recurrent dislocation in
traction) 2) Èıâ
(1) ÈĹæ ÀçÅ»±¸(recurrent posterior dislocation) (2) Ȱñ¼º
±Ù¿°(myositis ossifications) (3) ¹«Ç÷¼º ±«»ç(AVN) (4) ¿Ü»ó¼º °üÀý¿°(posttraumatic
arthritis) 8. Ä¡·á
9. °í°üÀý Å»±¸ ¼Õ»ó±âÀü
°í°üÀý Å»±¸´Â ¿øÀÎÀ¸·Î¼ ±³Åë»ç°í°¡ À¸¶äÀ̸ç, ±¤¹üÀ§ÇÑ ¿îµ¿¿µ¿ªÀ» °¡Áö ¸é¼µµ (ball and socket
°üÀý·Î¼) ¾ÈÁ¤µÈ °üÀýÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ ¾ÈÁ¤µÈ °üÀýÀÌ Å»±¸ ¸¦ ÀÏÀ¸Å°·Á¸é ±¼°î³»ÀüµÈ À§Ä¡¿¡¼ ÈĹæÀ¸·Î °ÇÑ ÈûÀ» ¹Þ¾Æ¾ß Çϸç, À̰ÍÀÌ Å»±¸º¸´Ù´Â
°ñÀýÅ»±¸°¡ ¸¹Àº ÀÌÀ¯ÀÌ´Ù. ÈĹæÅ»±¸´Â ½½°üÀýÀÌ ±¼°îµÈ »óÅ¿¡¼ °è±â¹Ý(dashboard)¿Ü»ó¿¡¼ È£¹ßµÇ¸ç, °í°üÀýÀÇ ±¼°î ¹× ³»ÀüÀÇ Á¤µµ°¡ Ŭ¼ö
·Ï ´Ü¼øÅ»±¸°¡ »ý±â¸ç, ¿ÜÀüµÇ¾î ÀÖÀ» ¶§´Â ÈÄ»ó ¶Ç´Â ÈÄ»ó¹æ ºñ±¸°ñÀý (posterosuperior acetabular fracture) ÀÌ
µ¿¹ÝµÇ±â ½±´Ù.
°í°üÀýÀÇ µµ¼öÁ¤º¹ÈÄ °üÀý°£°ÝÀÌ ³Ð¾îÁ® ÀÖÀ»¶§ ¿¹»óµÇ´Â ¿øÀÎÀº ¨ç °üÀý³»ÀÇ À¯¸®°ñÀý(loose bodies) ¨è
¿¬ºÎÁ¶Á÷(acerabular labrum)ÀÌ °üÀý³»¿¡ ³¢¾úÀ»¶§ ¨é ´ëÅð°ñµÎ°¡ °üÀý³¶¿¡ °É·ÁÀÖ´Ù(buttonholing of head
through capsule). ¨ê Á¤º¹ ¾ÈµÇ°í °ñµÎ°¡ ÈĹ濡 ÀÖÀ» ¶§ II ¼Ò¾Æ °í°üÀý Å»±¸( Traumatic dislocation of
children)
A. ºóµµ
MacFarlane ¿¡ ÀÇÇϸé 12-15 ¼¼ »çÀÌ¿¡ 50 %¿¡¼ ¹ß»ýÇÑ´Ù. Rang ¿¡ ÀÇÇÏ ¸é 5¼¼ ÀÌÇÏÀÇ
¾î¸°ÀÌ´Â ºñ±¸°¡ ºÎµå·´°í, ¿¬ÇÑ °üÀýÀÌ¸ç ¾î´À Á¤µµ °üÀýÀÌ¿ÏÀÌ Á¸ÀçÇÏ¿© Å»±¸°¡ Àß ÀϾٰí ÇÑ´Ù.( under the age of 5 a
child' s acetabulum is primarily soft, pliable cartilage and that generalized
joint laxity is common and dislocation can occur secondary to minimal trauma
such as from insignificant fall) B. Ä¡·á
12 ½Ã°£À̳»ÀÌ¸é µµ¼ö Á¤º¹ÀÌ °¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù. µµ¼ö Á¤º¹ÀÌÈÄ ¾à 14. 2 Àϰ£ °ßÀÎÀ̳ª ħ»ó°íÁ¤À» ÇÑ´Ù. 12
½Ã°£ÀÌ Áö³ °æ¿ì ¸¶ÃëÀÇ»çÀÇ µµ¿òÀ» ¹Þ¾Æ ±ÙÀÌ¿ÏÁ¦ »ç¿ëÈÄ ¿¡ µµ¼ö Á¤º¹À» ½ÃµµÇÏ¿©¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ °æ¿ì °ßÀÎÀ̳ª ħ»ó°íÁ¤À» 1 ÁÖÀÏ ½ÃÇàÈÄ¿¡
ºñüÁߺÎÇϸ¦ 3ÁÖ°£Çϸç(¸ñ¹ßº¸Çà), ÀÏ»ó Ȱµ¿Àº 6ÁÖ±îÁö ±ÝÁö½ÃŲ´Ù. µµ¼öÁ¤º¹ ÀÌ µÇÁö¾ÊÀ»½Ã¿¡´Â ÈĹæÅ»±¸ÀÎ °æ¿ì´Â ÈĹ浵´Þ¹ýÀ¸·Î, Àü¹æ Å»±¸´Â
Àü¹æµµ´Þ¹ýÀ¸ ·Î ¼ö¼úÀý°³ ÇÏ¿© °³¹æÀû Á¤º¹À» ÇÑ µÚ¿¡ 4-6 ÁÖ°£ °í¼ö»ó ¼®°í³ª °ßÀÎÀ» ½ÃµµÇÑ ´Ù. C. ÇÕº´Áõ
1.ÀçÅ»±¸(recurrent dislocation)´Â ¾î¸¥º¸´Ù Àû´Ù°í ÇÑ´Ù, ±×·¯³ª hyperlaxity ¿Í
Down ÁõÈıº¿¡¼´Â ÀçÅ»±¸°¡ º¸°íµÇ°í ÀÖ´Ù.
2 ºÒ¿ÏÀü Á¤º¹( incomplete reduction) -capsular interposition,
inverted limbus retained osseous cartilage fragments µîÀÌ ¿øÀÎÀÌ µÉ ¼öÀÖ´Ù.
3. ¹«Ç÷¼º ±«»ç( avascular necrosis)- 8-10 % ( ¼ºÀÎ 10-26 % ) ³·Àº ¹«Ç÷¼º
±«»ç´Â ´ë°Ô 0- 5¼¼ »çÀÌÀÇ ¾î¸°ÀÌ¿¡¼ º¼ ¼ö ÀÖ°í, Áö¿¬ Á¤º¹ À̳ª, 5 ¼¼ÀÌ»óÀÎ °æ¿ì ¹ß»ýºóµµ°¡ ³ô´Ù(delay in
reduction,severity of the injury and the age of at the time of reduction( over
age 5 ). ¡Ý Âü°í ¹®Çå
1. ±è¿µ¹Î, °ûº´¸¸ : Á¤Çü¿Ü°úÀǸ¦ À§ÇÑ »ýü¿ªÇÐ, ¿µ¹®»ç p 176-177,1991
2. Rockwood and Green's Fractures in children ,3rd ed:1093-1116
Lippincott Co. Philadephia, 1991 Á¦ 22 Àå ¥°. °ñ ¹Ý °ñ Àý Íé Úï Íé ï¹ pelvis fracture
¥°. °ñ¹Ý(Pelvis)
A. ÇØºÎÇÐ(anatomy)
1)±¸¼º: µÎ °³ÀÇ ¹«¸í°ñ(ÙíÙ£Íéinnominate bone) °ú , õÃß(sacrum) ¹ÌÃß (coccyx)·Î
ÀÌ·ç¾îÁø ¿øÅ뱸Á¶(ÍéÚïü»=ring)ÀÌ´Ù.
2) ±â´É(function) ¨ç ³»Àå±â°üÀ» º¸È£ÇÑ´Ù(protective cage for the lower
abdominal viscera) ¨è ôÃß¿Í ÇÏÁö »çÀÌ¿¡¼ üÁߺÎÇÏ·ÂÀ» Àü´Þ½ÃŲ´Ù
. (weight bearer between the trunk and lower limb) ¡Û ¼ÀÖÀ»
¶§(standing) - ºñ±¸ - ´ëÅð°ñµÎ ·Î ÈûÀÌ Àü´ÞµÈ´Ù. ¡Û ¾ÉÀ» ¶§ (sitting) - Á°ñÁ¶¸é À» °æÀ¯ÇÑ´Ù. ¨é ü°£ ¹× ÇÏÁöÀÇ ±ÙÀ°
ºÎÂøÁöÀÌ´Ù. (muscle attachment) 3) °üÀý°ú Àδë (joint &
ligament)
¨çÄ¡°ñ°áÇÕ(ö»ÍéÌ¿ùê,symphysis pubis) : ¿¬°ñ¼º ¿¬°á(amphiarthrosis), united by
fibrocartilagenous disc. ¨è õÀå°üÀý (ôÀíóμï½SI joint) :
°¡µ¿°üÀý(gliding diarthrodial joint.)
3°³ÀÇ ÀÎ´ë ±¸¼ºµÊ. Àü,ÈÄ ÃµÀå°£ Àδë¿Í °ñ°£Àδë(interosseous lig.)·Î µÇ ¾î ÀÖ´Ù. ±×¿Ü
Àå¿äÀδë(iliolumbar lig.)µµ ¾ÈÁ¤¿¡ ±â¿©Çϰí ÀÖ´Ù. i) °ñ°£ õÀå
Àδë(interosseous SI ligament.-major structure that resist descent and forward
rotation of sacrum) ii) îñ õÀå Àδë(anterior SI ligament.-
thin & weak, serve only as joint capsule) iii) ý õÀå
Àδë(posterior SI ligament.- assists in stabilize sacrum) ¨é Àå°ñ°ú õ°ñÀÇ ¿¬°á Àδë (connecting ligaments) i) õ°áÀý Àδë (ôÀÌ¿ï½,sacrotuberous
lig.) - Àü´Ü·Â¿¡ °ÇÏ´Ù (resist shear force) ii) õ±Ø Àδë(ôÀоsacrospinous lig.) - ¿ÜȸÀü·Â
(resist external rotation force)¿¡ °ÇÏ´Ù. ÀÌ µÎ Àδ밡 ¼·Î 90° °¢µµ·Î À§Ä¡Çϰí ÀÖ´Ù.
B. ºÐ·ù- . ¼Õ»ó ±âÀü¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ ºÐ·ù(injury classification
according to Young system)
1 Ãø¸é ¾Ð¹Ú ¼Õ»ó(ö°Øü äâÚÞ áßß¿,lateral compression=LC injury)
a. Ä¡°ñÁöÀÇ È¾Çü°ñÀý°ú µ¿ÃøÀ̳ª ¹Ý´ëÃøÀÇ ÈÄ¹æ ¼Õ»óÀÌ ¿Â´Ù. (pubic rami fracture, or
posterior injury) b. °¡Àå ¸¹Àº ÇüÀº ÇÑÂÊ Ä¡°ñÁöÀÇ °ñÀý°ú ÇÔ²² õ°ñÀÇ ¾Ð¹Ú°ñÀýÇüÀÌ´Ù. 2. ÀüÈÄ¾Ð¹Ú ¼Õ»ó(îñýäâÚÞ áßß¿,anteroposterior compression=APC injury)
a. °ñ¹ÝÀÇ ¾ÕÀ̳ª µÚ¿¡¼ ¿À´Â ¿Ü·Â¿¡ ÀÇÇѰÍÀ¸·Î ÀüÇüÀûÀÎ ÇüÅ´ ġ°ñ°áÇÕÀÌ ºÐ¸® µÇ¸é¼ º¸Åë Ã¥À» ¿©´Â ¸ð¾çÀÇ
°ñÀýÀÎ °³Ã¥(open book)°ñÀý°ú ¿ÜȸÀü(external rotation)ÀÇ ¼Õ»óÀÌ ¿Â´Ù b. 1ÀÎÄ¡(2.5cm) ÀÌ»óÀÇ À̰³°¡ ¿À¸é ÈĹæÀÇ
õ±Ø°£ Àδë(sacrospinous ligament)ÀÇ ¼Õ»óÀÌ ¿Â´Ù. 3. ¼öÁ÷ Àü´Ü ¼Õ»ó(á÷òÁ
îòÓ¨ áßß¿,vertical shear=VC injury)
a. °ÇÑ ¿Ü»ó(fall from a height or motor vehicle)¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ ¼Õ»óÀ¸·Î ÆíÃø°ñ¹ÝÀÌ
¼öÁ÷ ÀüÀ§(cephalad displacement of hemipelvis)µÈ´Ù. b. õÀå °üÀý(SI joint)ÀÇ 1cmÀÌ»ó ÈĹæÀüÀ§½Ãµµ
¿ÏÀüÇÑ ÀÎ´ë ¼Õ»óÀ» ÀǹÌÇÑ´Ù. c. Ä¡°ñ°áÇÕÁöÀÇ À̰³¿Í ÇÔ²² ÆíÃø°ñ¹ÝÀÌ ÀüÈÄ ¶Ç´Â ±ÙÀ§ºÎ·Î ÀüÀ§°¡ µÈ´Ù. 4. º¹ÇÕ ¼Õ»ó(ÜÜùê áßß¿,combination injuries=CM injury) combination of other
injury patterns, LC/VS being the most common
- LC-¥°. note impaction LC-¥±. note the intact LC-¥². note
ligamentous injury of the sacrum and -sacrospinous and injury on the left side
the transverse nature of sacrotuberous ligaments. of the -pelvis. the anterior
ring injury
- APC-¥°. note the APC-¥±. note injury to APC-¥². note violation
slight opening, yet the -sacrotuberous and of all ligamentous ligamentous
integrity, sacrospinous ligaments. structures -on the left of the SI
joints.
- VC note vertical displacement Combined mechanical injury. note
the of the hemipelvis. -combination of LC and VS injury patterns.
C. ÀÓ»ó Áõ»ó
1. Á¦ÀÏ Áß¿äÇÑ °ÍÀº º´·Â(Ü»Õö,history)ÀÌ´Ù.
2. MilchÀÇ 3 physical signs
1. Destot's ÁõÈÄ : Ä¿´Ù¶õ Ç÷Á¾ÀÌ ¼ÇýºÎ³ª À½³¶¿¡ Ç¥Àç¼±À¸·Î ³ªÅ¸³´Ù. (a large
hematoma that becomes superficial above inguinal lig. or in the
scrotum)
2. Roux ÁõÈÄ : Ãø¹æ¾Ð¹Ú°ñÀý¿¡¼´Â ´ëÀüÀںο¡¼ Ä¡°ñ±Ø »çÀ̰¡ ´ÜÃàÀÌ µÈ´Ù. (In lateral
compression fracture the distance from greater trochanter to the pubic spine is
diminished on affect side)
3. Earle's ÁõÈÄ : Ç×¹®³» ÃËÁø½Ã µ¹ÃâµÈ °ñÀ̳ª Å« Ç÷Á¾À» ¸¸Áú ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. (On rectal
examination the bony prominence or large hematoma can be
palpated.) D. ÀÓ»ó °Ë»ç(physical examination)
1. °³¹æÃ¢À̳ª ¿°ÁÂÀÇ À¯¹« 2. ºñ´¢»ý½Ä±â ¼Õ»ó ¿©ºÎÈ®ÀÎ : ƯÈ÷ ³²ÀÚ¿¡¼ ´¢µµ ¼Õ»óÈ®ÀÎ 3. ½Å°æÇ÷°ü°è
¼Õ»ó¿©ºÎ ¿äõÃß ½Å°æ°è, ¸¶¹ÌÁõÈıº(cauda equina) 4. ¿ÜÃø ¾Ð¹Ú·Â¿¡¼´Â ÇÏÁö°¡ ³»È¸ÀüµÇ¸ç Àü´Ü·Â¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ °ñÀý½Ã´Â ÇÏÁö°¡ ¿Ü ȸÀüÀÌ
µÈ´Ù. E. µ¿¹Ý¼Õ»ó °ñ¹Ý°³»ÀÇ Áß¿ä±â°ü,
ºñ´¢»ý½Ä°è(urogenital system), ¹æ±¤¼Õ»óÀÌ ¸¹´Ù. °ñ¹Ý ȯÀ» ¼Õ»ó½Ã۴µ¥´Â ¸¹Àº ¾çÀÇ ÈûÀÌ
¼Ò¿äµÇ¾î °á±¹ »ý¸íÀ» À§ÇùÇÏ´Â ¼Õ»óÀÌ µÈ´Ù. life-threatening injuries (»ç¸Á·ü 10%·Î µÎ°³°ñÀý
´ÙÀ½ÀÌ´Ù.) F. ÀÀ±Þóġ °ñ¹Ý°ñÀý·Î ÀÎÇÑ ½ÇÇ÷·®Àº 2-20 unit Á¤µµÀÌ´Ù.
Á¶±â ÀÀ±Þóġ °èȹ(initial treatment protocol)
1) ½ÇÇ÷À» ÀûÇÕÇÑ ¼ö¾×°ø±ÞÀ¸·Î º¸Ãæ½ÃŲ´Ù(volume resuscitation by use of
suitable I.V. fluids).
2) ´¢°ü Ä«¼¼ÅÍ »ðÀÔÇÏ¿© ´¢·®À» °èÃøÇÑ´Ù(catheterization of urinary bladder to
document urine output).
3) Ãʱ⠺¹ºÎ Áø´ÜÇÏ¿© ³»Àå±â ¼Õ»óÀ» ¾Ë¾Æº»´Ù[initial abdominal examination
(abdominal lavage)]
4) ¸¶Áö¸·À¸·Î °ñÀýÄ¡·á°èȹ(¿Ü°íÁ¤ÀåÄ¡ µî)À» ¼¼¿ì´Â ¼ø¼·Î ÇÑ´Ù(fracture treatment
planning(or external fixation)) G. ¹æ»ç¼±ÀÇ
ÃÔ¿µ
1.ÀüÈĹæ»ç¼± ÃÔ¿µ(îñý,AP view)
ÀüÈÄ ¹æ»ç¼± ÃÔ¿µ b. Á¦5¿äÃß È¾µ¹±â °ñÀý¿©ºÎ(transverse process of L 5) ¡æ ÈĹæ
ºÒ¾ÈÁ¤À» ÀǹÌÇÑ ´Ù. c. Á°ñ±Ø(ischial spine)ÀÇ °ß¿°ñÀý È®ÀÎ 2. °ñ¹ÝÀÔ±¸
ÃÔ¿µ(ÍéÚïìýÏ¢õÉç¯, inlet view)
a. ȯÀÚ¸¦ ¾Ó¿ÍÀ§(supine)¿¡¼ ¹æ»ç¼±ÀÌ ¸Ó¸®ºÎÀ§¿¡¼ °ñ¹ÝÂÊÀ¸·Î 40°°¢µµ¸¦ ÃÔ¿µÇÏ´Â °Í b. °ñ¹ÝȯÀÇ
¼Õ»ó Ãø¸é¼Õ»ó(LC injury)À» À߾˼ö ÀÖ´Ù. c. °ñ¸éÀÇ ³»ÃøÈ¸Àü º¯Çü(medial rotation)°ú õÀå°üÀý(SI joint)À» Àß ¾Ë
¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. 3. °ñ¹ÝÃⱸ ÃÔ¿µ(ÍéÚïõóÏ¢ õÉç¯,outlet view)
a. ȯÀÚ¸¦ ¾Ó¿ÍÀ§¿¡¼ ¹ß³¡¿¡¼ °ñ¹ÝÀ¸·Î 40°ÃÔ¿µÇÑ´Ù. b. ÆíÃø°ñ¹ÝÀÇ ¼öÁ÷ÀüÀ§¸¦ ¾Ë¼öÀÖ´Ù(cephalad
migration) 4. ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ ´ÜÃþ ÃÔ¿µ(CT scan)
ÀÌÁ¦´Â ºÒ¾ÈÁ¤ °ñ¹Ýȯ°ñÀý(unstable pelvis)¿¡¼ ²À ÇÊ¿äÇÑ ÃÔ¿µÀÌ µÇ°í ¸»¾Ò ´Ù.(Campbell,
8th, p.963). Gill°ú Bucholz¿¡ ÀÇÇϸé CT ÃÔ¿µÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ °æ¿ì
(recommend CT)
(1) ¾çÃø ¼öÁ÷ °ñÀý ¹× Å»±¸°¡ ÀÖÀ»¶§µµ ´Ü¼ø ¹æ»ç¼±À¸·Î´Â Á¤È®ÇÑ ÆÇ´ÜÀÌ ¾î·Á ¿ì¹Ç·Î (double
vertical Fx-d/L of the pelvis)
(2) °ñ¹Ý°ñÀýÀÌ ºñ±¸°ñ±îÁö °ñÀýÀÌ µÇ¾úÀ»¶§(extension into the
acetabulum)
(3) °³¹æ¼º Á¤º¹ ³»°íÁ¤ÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ ´ëÇü ¼Õ»ó½Ã(considered for
ORIF) 5. ºÒ¾ÈÁ¤ ¼Ò°ßÀ» ³ªÅ¸³»´Â ¹æ»ç¼± ¼Ò°ß(ÝÕäÌïÒ á¶Ì¸,Radiographic
signs of instability) Pelvis Inlet £¦ Outlet view °¡ Áß¿äÇÏ´Ù.
- posterior displacement of the hemipelvis > 1cm.
- avulsion of the transverse process of L5 detachment of the
bone insertion of the sacrospinous -ligament(sacrum or ischial spine).
- presence of a large posterior gap rather than impaction
shearing fracture through the cancellous of the sacrum
H. ºÐ·ù 1. TileÀÇ ºÐ·ù(classification of pelvic
disruption)
<Table 1> AO/ASIF Classification of pelvic ring injury
(modified Tile classification)(1988 M. Tile)
------------------------------------------------------------------
Type A : Stable (posterior arch intact )
A1 - Avulsion injury A2 -Iliac wing or anterior -arch fracture
due to a direct blow A3- Transverse sacrococcygeal fracture Type B : Partially stable (incomplete disruption of posterior
arch)
B1-Open book (external rotation ) B2-Lateral compression
injury(internal rotation) B2-1: ipsilateral anterior and posterior injury B2-2
:contralateral( bucket-handle) injury B3:Bilateral Type
C :Unstable ( complete disruption of posterior arch)
C1-Unilateral C1-1 : Iliac fracture C1-2 : Sacroiliac
fracture-dislocation C1-3 : Sacral fracture C2-Bilateral, with one side type B,
one side type C C3-Bilateral
------------------------------------------------------------------ I. Ä¡·á
1. ÃâÇ÷ ȯÀÚÀÇ Ã³Áö: »ç¸ÁÀ²ÀÌ ³ô´Ù. ½ÉÇÑ °ñ¹Ý°ñÀý¿¡¼ °³¹æ¼º±îÁö´Â 10-50%ÀÌ´Ù.
2. °ñÀýÀÇ Ä¡·á
a. °ñ°ßÀΰú °ñ¹Ý°Ç(skeletal traction & pelvic sling)
1) ¼öÁ÷ ºÒ¾ÈÁ¤¼º °ñ¹Ýȯ °ñÀý·Î ÇÏÁö±æÀÌÀÇ Â÷À̰¡ ÀÖÀ»¶§ ¶Ç´Â ºñ±¸°ñ±îÁö °ñÀýÀÌ µÈ °æ¿ìÀÌ´Ù. 2)
°ñ¹Ý°Ç(pelvic sling)Àº ´ë°³ ÀüÈÄ¹æ ¾Ð¹Ú¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ ¿ÜȸÀü(APC injury)ÀüÀ§ °¡ ÀÖ´Â °æ¿ì¿¡
½ÃÇàÇÑ´Ù. b. ¿Ü°íÁ¤ ÀåÄ¡(external fixation)
1) ºÒ¾ÈÁ¤¼º °ñ¹Ý°ñÀý¿¡¼ ¸Å¿ì À¯¿ëÇÏ°Ô »ç¿ëµÈ´Ù. ¼öÁ÷Àü´Ü ¼Õ»ó(VS injury) ¿¡¼ºÎÅÍ ÀüÈÄ ¾Ð¹Ú
¼Õ»ó(APC injury) ȯÀÚ±îÁö »ç¿ëµÇ¸ç, ¼öÁ÷ Àü´Ü ¼Õ»ó ȯÀÚ¿¡¼´Â ÈÄ¹æ °íÁ¤¼ú(SI fixation) ÈÄ¿¡ Àü¹æ °íÁ¤¿ë(anterior
stabilizer)À¸·Îµµ »ç¿ëµÈ´Ù 2)
GanzÀÇ antishock pelvic C-clamp ÃÖ±Ù Ganz µîÀº »õ·Î¿î ¿Ü°íÁ¤±â±âÀÎ antishock
pelvic C clamp ¸¦ ¼Ò °³ÇÏ¿´´Ù. ÀÌ ±â±â´Â ºÒ¾ÈÁ¤ ÈÄ¹æ °ñ¹Ýȯ ÀÇ ÆÄ±«·Î ÀÎÇØ ¹ß»ýÇÏ´Â ½ÉÇÑ ÃâÇ÷ À» °¨¼Ò½ÃÄÑ ¼ïÀ» ¿¹¹æÇϰí
°áÁ¤ÀûÀÎ ¼ö¼úÀ» ½ÃÇàÇϱâ Àü ±îÁö °ñ¹ÝÀÇ ÈÄ¹æ ¾ÈÁ¤¼º À» ¾òÀ»¼ö ÀÖ´Ù°í ÇÏ¿´´Ù 1) ÀûÀÀÁõ i) hemodynamically unstable
pt. with type C-vertical shear fracture. ii) severe anterior posterior
compression Fx. ±Ý±âÁõ i) severely comminuted in the region of SI joint ii)
hemorrhage is of arterial origin <Table 2>
Methods of Fixation -------------------------------------------------
The available methods are as follows: ¨ç Traction ¨è External
fixation ¨é External fixation and traction ¨ê Open reduction and internal fixation
a. symphyseal fixation b. posterior fixation i. Anterior SI joint fixation ii.
Posterior SI joint fixation iii. Sacral bars iv. Iliac wing fixation
------------------------------------------------ <¿äÁ¡Á¤¸®>
i) ´ëüÀûÀ¸·Î ±Þ¼º°ñÀý¿¡¼´Â ¿Ü°íÁ¤ÀåÄ¡¿Í °ñ°ßÀÎ ¹æ¹ýÀ» º´ÇàÇϸé È¿°úÀûÀÎ ¹æ¹ýÀÌ µÉ ¼ö
ÀÖ´Ù.
ii) ¿Ü°íÁ¤ ÀåÄ¡´Â ¤¡. ÀÀ±ÞÀåÄ¡·Î½á ÃâÇ÷À» Á¶Á¤ÇÑ´Ù. (emergency life-saving benefits
(hemorrhage control) ¤¤. °ñÀýÀÇ ¾ÈÁ¤¼º ºÎ¿© (definitive
stabilization) ÀúÀÚÀÇ ¼ö¼ú¹æ¹ý :
õÀå°ñ °üÀý¿¡¼ Àå°ñÀÇ ÀüÀ§°¡ ¾ø°Å³ª À̰³ ¸¸ ÀÖÀ» ¶§´Â ¿Ü°íÁ¤ ÀåÄ¡¸¦ ½ÃÇàÇÑ´Ù. À̶§ Á¦ÀÏ Áß¿äÇÑ °ÍÀº ¿Ü°íÁ¤
ÇÏÇÁÇÉÀÇ ³ª»ç»ê( threaded portion of half pin) ÀÌ Àå°ñ ³»·Î ¿ÏÀüÈ÷ »ðÀÔ½ÃŰ´Â °ÍÀÌ Áß¿äÇÏ´Ù, »ðÀÔ °¢µµ¸¦ Àß ¾ËÁö
¸øÇϹǷΠ¹Ì¸® K- wire¸¦ Àå°ñ´É ¿ÜÃø¿¡¼ °æÇÇÀûÀ¸ ·Î »ðÀÔ ½ÃÄѼ ¼ö·Å°¢(convergence angle)À» ¾Ë°í ³µÚ À̹æÇâ°ú ÆòÇà ÇϰÔ
µå¸± ¸µÀ» ÇÑÈÄ ÇÏÇÁÇÉÀ» »ðÀÔÇÑ´Ù. ¿Ü°íÁ¤ ÇÉÀº °¡´ÉÇÑ 10-12 ÁÖ °£ À¯ÁöÇÑ´Ù. e. ºÒ¾ÈÁ¤¼º
°ñ¹Ý°ñÀý¿¡¼ ±Ý¼Ó³»°íÁ¤ÀÇ ÀûÀÀÁõ (anterior approach or posterior approach for SI joint
reduction )
1) Àü¹æ ³»°íÁ¤¼ú(internal fixation through anterior approach)
ÀûÀÀÁõ2)-- vertical shear fracture or APC III or LC III injuries
Iliac wing fractures with significant displacement plus a Sacroiliac joint
disruption
(1) °ñ¹Ý°ñÀÇ ¾ÈÁ¤À» ÁÖ±â À§ÇØ(improve pelvic stability) (2) °³º¹¼úÀ» ½ÃÇàÇÒ ¶§
µ¿½Ã¿¡ ½ÃÇà °¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù (laparotomy ½ÃÇà¶§). (3) ¼ÇýºÎ(perineum) ¿¡ °ñÆíÀÌ µ¹Ãâ½Ã (4) ºñ±¸ Àü¹æ°ñÁÖ °ñÀýÀÌ µ¿¹ÝµÆÀ» ½Ã
(in association with an acetabular Fractures which require open
reduction)
±Ý±âÁõ(contraindications of this technique) 2)
µµ¼öÁ¤º¹ÀÌ µÈ °æ¿ì(anatomic reduction ,using a closed
methods)
¿Ü¾Ð¹Ú·Â¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ Ãµ°ñüºÎ °ñÀý( fractures involving the sacral body, such as
a lateral compression injury to the sacrum)
õ°ñ ±¸¸¦ ÅëÇÑ °ñÀýÀÎ °æ¿ì( fractures involving the sacrum itself through
the sacral formamina) õÀå°üÀý À̰³( ôÀíóÎ¼ï½ ìÆËÒ,SI
diastasis)ÀÇ ¼ö¼ú¹ýÀ¸·Î Èĺ¹¸·À» ÅëÇÑ Àü¹æ ³»°íÁ¤¹ý( anterior approach )ÀÌ ÀÖÀ¸¸ç À̶§´Â L5 ½Å°æ¼Õ»ó¿¡ ÁÖÀÇÇϸç (L
5 nerve is located near sacral promontory), ±×¿Ü¿¡ lateral cutaneous nerves of
thigh ¼Õ»óÀ» ÁÙ ¼öµµ ÀÖÀ¸¸ç( ¾à 30 % ȯÀÚ¿¡¼ ¹ß»ýÇϸç , ¼ö¼úÈÄ 1 ³âµ¿¾ÈÀº Áö°¢ÀÌ»óÀ» È£¼ÒÇÑ´Ù°í ÇÑ´Ù.by Leighton and
Waddell ,CORR 329;119)
2) ÀúÀÚÀÇ ¼ö¼ú¹ý hint
---ȯÀÚ¸¦ ¸ÕÀú ´¢µµ°üÀ» »ðÀÔ½ÃÄÑ ¹æ±¤À» ºñ¿ö¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ȯÀÚ´ÂC- arm ¿î ÇàÀÌ ¿ëÀÌÇϰųª portable
X-ray¸¦ ÃÔ¿µÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¼ö¼ú´ë¿¡¼ ¾Ó¿Í À§(supine)·Î À§Ä¡ÇÑ µÚ ilioinguinal approach ¿Í À¯»çÇÏ°Ô Àå°ñÀÇ
Àü»ó±Ø(ASIS)¿¡¼ Àå°ñ´ÉÀÇ 1/2 Á¤µµ ¼Õ¹Ù´Ú ³ÐÀÌ·Î ÇǺΠÀý°³¸¦ ÇÑµÚ ¿¡ Cobb Periosteal elevator¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¿© SI
joint ±îÁö ½±°Ô Á¢±ÙÇÑ ´Ù.promontory´Â ³ª»ç¸øÀÌ ÇÑ °³ Á¤µµ »ðÀÔÇÒ ¸¸Å¸¸ ³ëÃâ½ÃŲ´Ù, Á¤ º¹ÀÌ ½±Áö ¾ÊÀ¸¹Ç·Î sharp
pointed ¼Û°÷À¸·Î ¼ö¼úÀÚ°¡ ¹è·Î ¹Ð¾î ÁÖ¸é ¼ Á¤º¹À» Çϰųª, Á¶¼ö(assistant)¿¡°Ô °Ç ÃøÀ» À§·Î ¿Ã¶ó¿Àµµ·Ï ¾à°£ ³»È¸Àü ½Ã۸é
Á¤º¹ÀÌ µÈ´Ù. ÈĹ泻°íÁ¤¹ý( posterior approach)À¸·Î ÇØ¸é°ñ ³ª»ç¸ø, õÃߺÀ(sacral rod)µîÀ» ¾µ ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù. À̶§´Â ²À
C-armÇÏ¿¡¼ ¼ö¼úÀ» ÇÏ¿©¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
¼ö¼ú¹ý hint ----------------------------------------------- ȯÀÚ´Â
º¹¿ÍÀ§¿¡¼ ´ëõÃß°ø(greater sciatic notch) À»Áß½ÉÀ¸·Î ÇÏ´Â ¼± ,Àå°ñÀÇ ÈÄ»ó°ñ±Ø(PSIS)¿¡¼ µÑ ¶Ç´Â ¼¼ ¼Õ°¡¶ô ³ÐÀÌÀÇ
¿ÜÃø¿¡¼ ÀÏÁ÷¼±ÀÇ Àý°³¸¦ ÇÑ´Ù. ´ëµÐ±ÙÀ» Àý°³Çϰųª õ Á¶¸éÀδ븦 Àý°³Çϸé Á¢±ÙÀÌ ¿ëÀÌÇÏ´Ù. °¡´É ÇÑ ´ëõÃß°ø »çÀÌ·Î ¼Õ°¡¶ôÀ» »ðÀÔÇÏ¿© õ°ñÀÇ
¸ð¾çÀ» ¸¸Áö¸é¼ ³ª»ç¸øÀ» »ðÀÔÇÑ´Ù. ´ÜÁ¡À¸·Î´Â »óóºÎÀ§ÀÇ °¨¿°µî(impaired wound healing and subsequent
infection)ÀÌ´Ù ( Kellam 1987- 25 %) ¡¡ J Á¤º¹¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Æò°¡
:
(reduction were graded by the maximal displacement measured on
the 3 views of the pelvis) by Matta and Tornetta 3)-
excellent ( ¡Â 4mm ) good ( 4- 10 mm ) fair (10- 20 mm ) poor (
> 20 mm ) by Kellam 4) ---
acceptable reduction less than 10mm posteriorly and less than
20mm posteriorly, Slatis and Karaharju 5) graded
their reduction only by posterior displacement as measured on an AP film; with
excellent being less than 5mm, good 5 to 10mm and poor greater than
10mm.
Semba et al 6)- found that initial combined anterior and
posterior displacement of greater than 10mm leads to a high rate of severe low
back pain
2) ÈÄ¹æ ³»°íÁ¤¼ú(posterior internal fixation)
(1) ÈĹ汸Á¶¹° ¼Õ»óÀÌ ºÒ¿ÏÀü Á¤º¹µÆ°Å³ª °ñÆí»çÀÌÀÇ Æ´(gap)ÀÌ 1cmÀÌ»óÀ϶§ (2) ÈĹ濡 °³¹æÃ¢ÀÌ ÀÖÀ»
¶§ (3) ºñ±¸ÈÄ¹æ °ñÁÖ °ñÀýÀÌ ÀÖÀ»½Ã (4) ºÒ¾ÈÁ¤¼º °ñ¹Ýȯ(B1) °ñÀýÀÌ ÀÖ´Â ´Ù¹ß¼º °ñÀýȯÀÚÀÇ Ã³Ä¡¸¦ À§ÇÏ¿© K. °ñ¹Ý°ñ °ñÀýÀÇ ÇÕº´Áõ
1. ÃâÇ÷ ¹× ¼ï 2. ¹æ±¤ ¹× ¿äµµ¼Õ»ó(10¡20%) : (Àü±Ã°ñÀý(straddle fracture)¿¡¼ ¸¹ÀÌ
º¼ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.) ÇùÂø(stricture), À½À§(impotence), ´¢½Ç±Ý(incontinence) µîÀÌ´Ù. ¡Û Àü¹æ¿äµµ¼Õ»ó(anterior
urethra rupture : uncommon,): Àü±Ã°ñÀý (straddle Fx.)¿¡¼ ¡è ¡Û ÈĹæ¿äµµ¼Õ»ó (posterior
urethra rupture : M.C.) :Ãø¸é¾Ð¹Ú¼Õ»ó(side to side injury) ¡è 3. Ç÷°ü¼Õ»ó :(external iliac
or femoral a.v.) ¿ÜÀå °ñµ¿¸Æ ¶Ç´Â ´ëÅ𠵿Á¤ ¸Æ 4. ½Å°æ¼Õ»ó : Á°ñ½Å°æ(sacral nerve) ¿äÁ¡ ; ´ëüÀûÀ¸·Î ±Þ¼º °ñÀý¿¡´Â ¿Ü°íÁ¤ÀåÄ¡¿Í °ñ°ßÀÎ ¹æ¹ýÀ» º´ÇàÇØ¼ Çϸé È¿°úÀûÀÎ ¹æ¹ýÀÌ µÈ´Ù.(External fixation
and skeletal traction are satisfactory methods in unstable pelvic
fracture)
L. ¼Ò¾ÆÀÇ °ñ¹Ý°ñ
°ñÀýÀÇ Æ¯Â¡ 4°¡Áö
(characteristic features of pelvis of child) ¨ç ¼Ò¾ÆÀÇ °ñ¹ÝÀ»
À¯¿¬¼º(malleable)ÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. Áï, °ñ ±×ÀÚü°¡ ¿¬°ñÀÇ Åº·Â¼ºÀ¸·Î ¿¡³ÊÁö¸¦ Èí ¼öÇÑ´Ù. ¨è °üÀýÀÇ Åº·Â¼º(elasticity of
joint) À¸·Î ´Ù¹ß¼º°ñÀý(ex. double break etc)º¸´Ù´Â ¾î´À ÇÑ ºÎÀ§ÀÇ °ñÀýÀÌ ¸¹´Ù. ¨é °ñ¿¡ ºñÇÏ¿© ¿¬°ñÀÌ
¾àÇØ¼(inherent weakness of cartilage), ¼ºÀο¡ ºñÇØ °ß¿°ñÀý (avulsion)ÀÌ ¸¹´Ù. ¨ê ¿¬°ñÀÇ °ñÀýÀº °á±¹Àº
¼ºÀåÀåÇØ(growth arrest), ÇÏÁö±æÀÌÀÇ Â÷ÀÌ(leg length inequality), ºñÁ¤»óÀûÀÎ ºñ±¸(deficient
acetabulum)¸¦ ¸¸µç´Ù. M. ºÒ¾ÈÁ¤¼Ò°ß(instability)À» ³ªÅ¸³»´Â ¹æ»ç¼±
¼Ò°ß
¨ç Á°ñ±Ø(ischial spine)ÀÇ °ß¿°ñÀý
¨è Á¦5¿äÃß È¾µ¹±â °ß¿°ñÀý(iliolumbar ligament)
¨é õÃßÀÇ ¼öÁ÷Àü´Ü °ñÀý
¨ê õÀå°üÀýÀÇ ÈĹæºÐ¸® ¹× 1cm ÀÌ»óÀÇ ÀüÀ§ ¡ÝÂü°í
¹®Çå
1.Ganz R, Krushell RJ, Jakob RP and Kuffer J: The antishock
pelvic clamp. Clin Orthop. , 267 : 71-78 ,1991 2 Leighton RK and Waddel JP :
Techniques for reduction and posterior fixation through the anterior approach.
Clin Orthop ,329:115-120,1996
3.Matta JM and Tornetta P : Internal fixation of unstable
pelvic ring injuries. Clin Orthop 329: 129-140,1996
4.Kellam J: The role ofexternal fixation in pelvic disruptions.
Clin Orthop, 241:66-82,1989
5.Slatis P and Karahaju E: External fixation of unstable pelvic
fractures : Experiencxe in 22 patients treated with trapezoid compression frame.
Clin Orthop 151: 73-80,1980
6. Semba R, Yasugawa K and Gustilo R : Critical analysis of
results of 53 Malgaigne fractures of the pelvis. J Trauma 23:
535-537,1983 ¥±. ºñ±¸ °ñÀý Þ¡ Ï¿ Íé
ï¹ Fracture of the Acetabulum
I. ÇØºÎÇÐ ¹× Ư¼º
1) Ư¡ µå¹°Áö¸¸ ±³Åë»ç°í°¡ ´ëºÎºÐÀ̸ç Á¤È®ÇÑ ÇØºÎÇÐÀû Á¤º¹À» ÇÏ¿©¾ß ÇÏ´Â ºÎÀ§ÀÌ ´Ù. ºñ±¸´Â ¹Ý¿øÇü ±¸Á¶·Î
Àå°ñ 2/5, Á°ñ 2/5, Ä¡°ñ1/5·Î ±¸¼ºµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù.
2) ÇØºÎÇÐ A. ÈĹæ°ñÁÖ(posterior column)´Â ´Ü´ÜÇϸç, ³»°íÁ¤¼úÀ» Çϱ⿡ ÀûÇÕÇÏ´Ù. 1.
inner surface : quadrilateral area 2. posterior surface : non articular
posterior wall 3. anterior surface : anterior articular surface B. Àü¹æ°ñÁÖ(anterior
column) : iliac crest·ÎºÎÅÍ pubis±îÁöÀ̸ç anterior wallÀÌ Æ÷ÇԵȴÙ. C. »óºÎ µ¼(superior dome) :
AIIS·ÎºÎÅÍ posterior column±îÁö. superior Wt. bearing area À» ¿ì¸®´Â º¸Åë acetabular dome
¶Ç´Â roof ¶ó°í ºÎ¸¥´Ù. À̰ÍÀº ÀüÈÄ ¹æ»ç¼±»ó 3mm µÎ²²ÀÇ ´«½ç °°Àº ¸ð¾çÀÌ´Ù. II. ¿ªÇÐ
A. ´ëÅð°ñµÎ(femoral head)¿¡ ÀÇÇÏ¿© °ñÀýÀÌ µÈ´Ù. 1. ´ëÅð°ñµÎÀÇ ¼Õ»ó¿©ºÎ¸¦ º»´Ù. (look
for damage for femoral head) 2. ½½°³°ñ, ÈĽÊÀÚ Àδë¼Õ»óÀÌ µ¿¹ÝµÈ´Ù. (associate with patella or
PCL injuries)
B. ´ëÅð°ñµÎÀÇ À§Ä¡(location of femoral head)°¡ Áß¿äÇÏ´Ù. 1. ±¼°î(flexion) :
Èĺ®°ñÀý ¶Ç´Â ÈĹæÅ»±¸(post wall or post d/L) 2. ¿ÜȸÀü(ext. rotation) : Àüº®°ñÀý(anterior wall)
3. ³»È¸Àü(int. rotation) : ÈĹæ¼Õ»ó(posterior damage) 4. ¿ÜÀü(abducted) :
Çϳ»º®(inferomedial wall)¼Õ»ó 5. ³»Àü(adducted) :
»ó¿Üº®(superolateral)¼Õ»ó III. ºÐ·ù
ºñ±¸´Â 2°³ÀÇ anterior and posterior columnÀ¸·Î ±¸¼ºµÇ¾î ÀÖÀ¸¸ç ,¿©±â¿¡ Àü ÈÄ º®(
wall or lips )ÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù°í °¡Á¤ÇÏ¿©¼ ºÐ·ùÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù, two columns frac ture ¿¡ wall fracture °¡ µÈ °ÍÀ»
a three part fracture ¶ó°í ÇÏ¸ç ¼ÒÀ§ both column fracture À» floating acetabulum À̶ó°í
ÇÑ´Ù. Letorunel ¿Í Judet ¿¡ ÀÇÇÏ¿© ÃÖÃÊÀÇ ÇÕ¸®ÀûÀÎ ºÐ·ù°¡ µÈ ¿¬ÈÄ¿¡ AO ¹æ½Ä¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ º¯ÇüÀÌ´Ù, Áï type A ´Âsing le
wall or column °ñÀýÀ̸ç type B´Â both columns ( transverse or T type )fractu re À̰í
type C´Â both columns fractures¿¡ ilium ±îÁö °ñÀýÀÌ µÈ °æ¿ìÀÌ´Ù.
1) Letournel ºÐ·ù
A. ±âº»°ñÀý(elementary fracture)
1. Èĺ® °ñÀý(posterior wall fracture) 2. ÈĹæÁöÁÖ °ñÀý(posterior column
fracture) 3. Àüº® °ñÀý(anterior wall fracture) 4. Àü¹æÁöÁÖ °ñÀý(anterior column
fracture) B. º¹ÇÕ°ñÀý(associated fracture)
1. TÇü °ñÀý(T- fracture) 2. ÈĹæÁöÁÖ ¹× Èĺ®°ñÀý(posterior column and
posterior wall fracture) 3. Ⱦ°íÀý ¹× Èĺ®°ñÀý(transverse fracture with posterior wall
fracture) 4. Àü¹æ°ñÀý ¹× ÈĹæÈ¾ °ñÀý(anterior fracture with posterior wall hemitransverse
fracture) 5. ¾çÁöÁÖ °ñÀý(two column fracture) 2) AO
ºÐ·ù
AO classification of acetabular fractures.
Type A, Fractures involving only one of two columns of
acetabulum:A1,posterior wall and variations;A2,posterior column and
variations;A3, anterior wall and anterior column.
Type B, Transverse fractures, portion of roof remains attached
to intact ilium:B1, transverse fracture and transverse plus posterior wall
fracture;B2, T-shaped fracture and variations; B3, anterior wall or
columns;
TypeC : no portion of roof remains attached to intact ilium:C1,
anterior column fracture extending to iliac crest; C2, anterior column fracture
extending to anterior border of ilium;C3,fractures enter sacroiliac joint,
(From Muller ME, Allg wer M, Scheneider R, and Willenegger H: Manual of
internal fixation: technique recommended by the AO-ASIF group,ed 3, Berlin,
1991,Springer-Velag.)
IV. ¹æ»ç¼± °Ë»ç( standard view, oblique view)
±âº»ÀûÀÎ ,ÀüÈĹæ»ç¼± ¿Ü¿¡ , 45¡£ ȸÀü( ³»,¿Ü) ÃÔ¿µÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. standard views (
anterioposterior inlet and out let views ), special views ( 45¡£internal rotation
view= obturator oblique views, and 45¡£ external rotation views = iliac oblique
view ),Computed tomography, Three-dimensional computed tomography µîÀ¸·Î ¹æ»ç¼± ÃÔ¿µÀ» ÇÏ¿©
Áø´ÜÀ» ÇÏ¿©¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. A. ÀüÈİñ¹Ý ÃÔ¿µ( anteroposterior pelvis
radiography)
B. ºñ±¸ÃÔ¿µ( acetabular X-ray )
1. ÀüÈÄ¸é »çÁø( A-P view) : 6°³ÀÇ ±âº» ±¸Á¶(landmarks) a. ºñ±¸Àüº®(Þ¡Ï¿îñâî,
anterior wall) b. ºñ±¸Èĺ®(Þ¡Ï¿ýâî, posterior wall) c. ºñ±¸°³(Þ¡Ï¿ËÏ, roof) d. ´«¹°¹æ¿ï¼±(tear
drop = U) e. ÀåÁ°ñ¼±(íóñ¦ÍéàÊ, ilioischial line) f. Ä¡°ñÁñ¼±(ö»ÍéñîàÊ, iliopectineal
line)
2. Æó¼â°ø»ç¸éÀ§[øÍáðÍîßÀ, obturator oblique view= OOV, (45¡£ internal
rotation oblique view)]
a. Èĺ®(posterior wall) b. Àü¹æ°ñÁÖ(anterior column) c. Ãø¸é¼Ò°ßÀÇ Àå°ñÀÍ :
¾ç°ñÁÖ °ñÀý½Ã" spur sign" ºÎÀ§ 6ÀÚ ¶Ç´Â I·Î »ý°¢ÇÏÀÚ.
3. Àå°ñ»ç¸éÀ§ ÃÔ¿µ[Iliac oblique view= IOV (45¡£ external rotation
oblique view)] a. Àüº®(anterior wall) b. ÈĹæ°ñÁÖ(posterior column) c. Àå°ñÀÍÀÇ Àüü
¼Ò°ß(profile of iliac wing) 3ÀÚ ¶Ç´Â EÀÚ·Î »ý°¢ÇÏÀÚ.
(=iliac oblique view of the acetabulum) : 1.posterior column
2.anterior wall Ư¡ : * iliac boneÀÌ Å©°Ô Àß º¸ÀδÙ. C. ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ
´ÜÃþÃÔ¿µ,( axial transverse cut CT¸¦ ÇÏ¿©¾ß ¾Ë¼ö ÀÖ´Ù ) I
t shows great precision fragmentrs of the anterior or
posterior wall, marginal impaction, retained bone fragments in the joint,
comminution, the presence or absence of a dislocation, and sacroiliac pathology.
.
°üÀý³»¿¡ °ñÆíÀÇ À¯¹«°Ë»ç¿Í ºñ±¸º® ¼Õ»óÈ®ÀÎ( presence of intraarticular fragments
and size and special relationship between the fracture fragments) . ºÐ¼âÁ¤µµÀÇ Æò°¡(
degrees of comminution ) D. Three-Dimensional Computed Tomography( 3-D CT
) CT ÃÔ¿µÀ» ½ÃÇàÇÏ¿© °üÀý°³»¿¡ °ñÆíÀÇ Á¸Àç À¯¹«¿Í °ñÀýÀÇ ¹üÀ§¿Í Á¤µµ¸¦
È®ÀÎÇÑ´Ù.
V. Ä¡·á
A. ºñ¼ö¼úÀû Ä¡·á(conservative treatment) ºñÀüÀ§, ¾ÈÁ¤Àû °ñÀý : ( Rockwood,
4th p 1634 )
1) ÀûÀÀÁõ: a. ÀüÀ§°¡ ¾ø´Â °ñÀý b. ³»°úÀûÀÎ ¼ö¼ú ±Ý±âÁõÀÌ ÀÖÀ» ¶§ c. Áö¿¬ÀÌ µÈ ¾çÁöÁÖ°ñÀý(both
column fracture) : 3-4ÁÖ ÀÌ»ó Áö¿¬½Ã d. ±âÁ¸ÀÇ °üÀý¿°ÀÌ ÀÖ´Â °ñÀý
2) ¹æ¹ý : a. °ñ°ßÀμúÀ» ½ÃÇà b. ¸ñ¹ß º¸ÇàÀº ¼ö»óÈÄ 6ÁÖ°æ c. üÁß ºÎÇÏ´Â ¼ö»óÈÄ 10ÁÖ ÀÌÈÄ¿¡
°¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù. B. °í°üÀý Å»±¸°¡ ÀÖÀ»½Ã´Â ÀÀ±ÞÀ¸·Î Á¤º¹ÇÑ´Ù.(ƯÈ÷
ÈĹæÅ»±¸½Ã)
C. ¼ö¼úÀÌ ÀûÀÀ½Ã´Â ÀÏÂ÷°ñ°ßÀÎ ÈÄ 2-5ÀÏ ÈÄ¿¡ ½Ç½ÃÇÑ´Ù.
D. ¼ö¼úÀÇ ÀûÀÀÁõ ( Operative treatment )
Áß¿äÇÑ °ÍÀº ºñ±¸°ñÀýÀº ÀÀ±Þ¼ö¼úÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï´Ù(emergency surgery rarely indicated)´Â
°ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª °¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù¸é 7 ÀÏ À̳»¿¡ ÇÏ¿©¾ß ÇÑ´Ù ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ÀÌÀ¯ ·Î´Â ¼ö¼úÀÌ ¾î·Æ°í( difficult) , ȺÀÚ°¡ ¼ö¼ú¿¡ ÀûÇÕÇÑ
(optimal condition) ÀÌ µÇµµ·Ï ±â´Ù·Á¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ±×¿Ü ¿¹¹æÀûÀ¸·Î Ç×»ýÁ¦( prophylatic antibiotics) ¿Í Ãæ ºÐÇÑ
Ç÷¾×µµ Áغñ ( average blood loss 6 units) ÇÏ¿©¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
indicated for the unstable or incongruous joint (from Tile
1995)1) ¨Í Unstable Hip ---hip dislocation associated with 1. posterior wall or
column displacement. 2. anterior wall or column displacement. 3. central
instability ¨Î Incongruity : congruous meaning " to fit exactly " from Latin word
gap or even worse a step of greater than 2 to 3 mm in the location may be highly
significant. ( Rockwood, 4th p 1636) Types of incongruity- 1. fracture through
the roof of dome a. displaced dome fragments b. transverse or T-type fracture
(transtectal ) : c. Both-column types with incongruity( displaced posterior
column) 2. retained bone fragments 3. displaced fractures of femoral head 4.
soft tissue interposition
°³¹æ¼ºÁ¤º¹ ¹× ±Ý¼Ó³»°íÁ¤ (open reduction and internal fixation)Àº ºñ±¸°ñÀý¿¡¼ÀÀ±Þ(
emergency )ÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª emergency ·Î ÇÏ¿©¾ß µÇ´Â °æ¿ì´Â indication for urgent surgery
includes an irreducible dislocation, an unstable hip after closed reduction,an
increasing neurologic deficit after reduction, an associated vascular injury,
and occasionally an open fracture.
Tile ÀÇ ¼ö¼ú ÀûÀÀÁõ -Operation indications by Tile 1. ºÎÀûÀýÇÑ
°üÀý¸é(incongruous articular surface) a. ºñ±¸ÀÇ ÈÄÁÖ, Èĺ®°ñÀý½Ã b. ºñ±¸ ¿Ü»óºÎ ÀüÀ§°ñÀý½Ã c. °ñÆíÀÌ °üÀý³»¿¡
Á¸Àç½Ã 2. ÇÏÁö¿¡ ÀåÇØ(in the limb) d. Á°ñ½Å°æ ¸¶ºñ°¡ ÀÖÀ» ¶§ e. µ¿Ãø ´ëÅð°ñ °ñÀý½Ã f. µ¿Ãø ½½°üÀý ¼Õ»óÀÌ ÀÖÀ»½Ã 3.
´Ù¹ß¼º °ñÀý ȯÀÚ¿¡¼(in multiple fracture patients) E.
ºñ±¸°ñÀý ¼ö¼úÀÇ Àý´ëÀû ±Ý±âÁõ(contraindications)
1) ½ÉÇÑ °ñ´Ù°øÁõÀÌ ÀÖÀ» ½Ã 2) Àü½Å»óŰ¡ ¸¶Ãë¿¡ ºÎÀûÇÕÇÑ °æ¿ì F. ¿©·¯ ÇÐÀÚµéÀÇ ¼ö¼ú ÀûÀÀÁõ( several operative indications )
1) 2mm ÀÌ»óÀÇ ÀüÀ§°¡ ÀÖ´Â ¸ðµç °ñÀý (by Letournel)
2) Roof arc¸¦ ÃøÁ¤ÇÏ¿© 45°ÀÌÇÏ( measurement of the roof arc in the
anteroposterior, iliac oblique, and obturator views) ±×·¯³ª À̰ÍÀº both columns
fracture( type C floating acetabulum )ÃøÁ¤À» ÇÒ ¼ö°¡ ¾ø´Ù. (by Joel Matta)
3) Coxometry »ó 3mmÀÌÇÏ(by Pecorelli & Della
Torre)
¿äÁ¡-in A-P view(medial roof arc)in OOV view (anterior roof arc)
in IOV(posterior rrof arc)
¸ðµç view¿¡¼ 45°ÀÌÇÏ´Â ¼ö¼úÀûÁ¤º¹ÀÌ ±ÇÀ¯µÈ´Ù.(by Joel
Matta) VI ÇÕº´Áõ (complications)
1½Å°æ¼Õ»ó(nerve injury): sciatic nerve , femoral nerve, superior
gluteal nerve others( pudendal nerve , lateral femoral cutaneous nerve
ets)
2.À̼Ҽº°ñÈÁõ( heterotopic ossification) : 3- 69 % especially young
man a posterolateral extensile approach, triradiate or extended iliofemoral
appro ach)
3.¹«Ç÷¼º±«»ç.( avascular necrosis)
4.¿¬°ñ¿ëÇØÁõ( chondrolysis ) VII. ¼ö¼úÀû
µµ´Þ¹ý(surgical approach)
1. Kocher-Langenbeck µµ´Þ¹ý Èĺ®, ÈĹæ°ñÁÖ °ñÀý ¶Ç´Â Ⱦ°ñÀý
2. Transtrochanteric or ilioinguinal µµ´Þ¹ý ȾÇü ¶Ç´Â TÇü
°ñÀý
3. Ilioinguinal µµ´Þ¹ý Àüº®, Àü¹æ°ñÁÖ °ñÀý
4. º¹ÇÕ¹æ¹ý(combined methods) : ¾ç °ñÁÖ °ñÀý½Ã(both column
fractures)
5. MearsÀÇ triradiate Àý°³¼ú ÈĹæ°ñÀý ±×¸®°í ȾÇü ¶Ç´Â TÇü °ñÀý¿¡¼
À¯¸®ÇÏ´Ù. ÀúÀÚÀÇ ¹æ¹ý
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ȯÀÚ¸¦ º¹¿ÍÀ§·Î À§Ä¡ÇÑÈÄ È¯ÀÚÀÇ ¼Õ»óµÈ ÇÏÁö°¡ ¼ö¼ú´ë ¿ÜÃø °É¸±Á¤µµ·Î ¹ÛÀ¸·Î À§Ä¡ÇÏ¿© °ßÀÎÀ̳ª ¼ö¼úÁß Á¶ÀÛÀ»
½±°Ô ÇÏ¸ç ½½°üÀýÀº 30-45 ¡£ ±¼°î ½ÃÄѼ Á °ñ½Å°æÀÌ °ßÀÎÀÌ µÇÁö¾Ê°Ô ÇÑ´Ù. ÇÑ´Ù. ¸ðµç ÈĹæ°ñÀý »Ó ¾Æ´Ï¶ó Ⱦ°ñÀý µµ °¡´É ÇÑ
ÈĹ浵´Þ¹ýÀ¸·Î Á¤º¹ÇÒ·Á°í ³ë·ÂÇÑ´Ù. VIII °íÁ¤ ¹æ¹ý (Fixation technique) ±Ý¼Ó°íÁ¤±â±â(Implant): .±Ý¼ÓÆÇ Àº °ñÆíÀ»
screws·Î Á¤º¹Çϸé neutralize Çϱâ À§ÇÏ¿© »ç¿ëµÈ´Ù. ³ª»ç¸ø°ú ±Ý¼ÓÆÇÀº 3.5mm cortical screws ¿Í 3.5mm
recons truction plates°¡ À¯¿ëÇÏ¸ç ±×¿Ü 120mm screw µµ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù.
fragmented posterior fragment or a large significant
quadrilaterlal plate fragment ¸¦ but ress Çϱâ À§ÇÏ¿©´Â spring plate °¡ À¯¿ëÇϰÔ
»ç¿ëµÇ¾îÁø´Ù. IX ºñ±¸°ñÀýÀÇ Æò°¡¹ý
1. MattaÀÇ ¹æ»ç¼±Àû Æò°¡¹ý2)
Table 1 Roentgenographic Grade Criteria
Excellent Essentially normal reoentgenogram
Good Mild spur formation on femoral head or acetabulum mild
joint narrowing mild sclerosis
Fair Mild mottling of femoral head mild subluxation of femoral
head' moderate spur formation on femoral head or acetabulum moderate joint
narrowing moderate sclerosis
Poor Any collapse of femoral head any subchondral cyst
moderate-severe mottling of femoral head moderate-severe subluxation of femoral
head severe spur formation on femoral head or acetabulum severe joint narrowing
severe sclerosis 2. D'Aubigne and Postel 3)ÀÇ ÀÓ»ó Æò°¡¹ý
( Clinical grade scale)
Pain Points Ambulation Points ROM Points Grades
no pain 6 normal 6 100-95% 6
slight or 5 no cane but 5 80-94% 5
intermittent slight limp pain after 4 long distances 4 60-79% 4
ambulation but with cane/crutches disappear
moderately severe 3 limited even with 3 40-59 % 3 permits
supports ambulation
severe with 2 very limited 2 ambulation severe prevents 1
bedridden 1 0-39 % 1 ambulation
Excellent 18, good 15-17, fair 12-14, poor
3-11 III. õ°ñ(ôÀÍé, sacrum)
A. ºóµµ : ôÃß °ñÀýÀÇ 1% (Lafollette µî¿¡ ÀÇÇϸé 60%¿¡¼ Ãʱâ Áø´ÜÀ» ³õÄ¡´Â ¼ö°¡ ÀÖ´Ù°í
º¸°íÇÔ)
B. ºÐ·ù
)Denis¿¡ ÀÇÇϸé õ°ñ°ñÀýÀ» 3±¸¿ª(3 zone)À¸·Î ºÐ¸®ÇÏ¿´´Ù. I : alar zone II :
sacral foramina zone III : central sacral canal zone
2) »õ·Î¿î ºÐ·ù¹ý( modified Denis classification) zone 1 through alar
zone u; undisplaced d; displaced ( > 2mm ) zone 2 through foramina zone u;
undisplaced d; displaced ( > 2mm ) zone 3 through central canal , vertical
fracture u; undisplaced d; displaced ( > 2mm ) zone 4 transvese fracture u;
undisplaced d; displaced ( > 2mm )
DenisÀÇ 236¸í ȯÀÚÁß ½Å°æÀå¾Ö°¡ ¿Â °æ¿ì´Â 32%¿´À¸¸ç Zone 1 : 5.9% Zone 2 : 28%
Zone 3 : 87% ÀÇ ¼Õ»óÀ» º¸°íÇÏ¿´´Ù.
C. Ä¡·á :
(1) º¸Á¸Àû Ä¡·á 8-12 ÁÖ°£ ħ»ó ¾ÈÁ¤ (2) ºÒ¾ÈÁ¤ °ñ¹Ý °ñÀýÀÌ µ¿¹Ý½Ã¿¡ ¿Ü°íÁ¤À̳ª ³»°íÁ¤
Ä¡·áÇÑ´Ù. ¡Ý Âü°í ¹®Çå
1. Tile M : Fractures of the acetabulum : The rationale
operative fracture care ,2nd ed. Springer ,p284-286,1996
2. Matta JM, Anderson LM, Epstin HC and Hendricks P: Fracture
of the acetabulum A retrospective analysis, Clin Orthop, 205: 230-240,
1986
3. D'aubigne RM and Postel M : Functional results of hip
arthroplasaty with acrylic prosthesis. J Bone Joint Surg, 36A:
451,1954
´ëÅð°ñµÎ ¹× ´ëÅð°æºÎ °ñÀý ÓÞ÷Ú Íé Ôé ÓÞ ÷Ú Ìò Ý» Íé ï¹ Femur
head & Femur neck fracture I. ´ëÅð°ñµÎ
°ñÀý°ú °í°üÀý ÈĹæÅ»±¸ (Femoral head fracture & dislocation)
A : ÇØºÎÇÐ :
¹ß»ýºóµµ´Â µå¹°´Ù(rare), °¡´ÉÇÑ È¯ÀÚÀÇ °Ç°ÀÌ Çã¶ôµÇ¸é À绡¸® Á¤º¹ÇØ¾ß ÇÏÁö ¸¸ µµ¼öÁ¤º¹ÀÌ µÇÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸é
¼ö¼úÀûÀ¸·Î Á¤º¹Çϰųª Á¤º¹À» ¹æÇØÇÏ´Â °ñÆíÀ» Á¦°Å ÇÑ´Ù. 6½Ã°£ À̳»¿¡ Á¤º¹ÇÑ °æ¿ì ÁÁÀº °á°ú¸¦ º¸°íÇÏ¿´À¸³ª, 6½Ã°£ ÀÌÈÄ¿¡ Á¤º¹À» ÇÑ °æ¿ì´Â
¿¹Èİ¡ ºÒ·®ÇÏ¿´´Ù (by Hougaar). B : ºÐ·ù I. PipkinÀÇ ºÐ·ù
Pipkin ¥° ÇϺΰñÀý(caudad) ¥± »óºÎ°ñÀý(cephalad) ¥² °æºÎ°ñÀýµ¿¹Ý ¥³ ºñ±¸°ñÀý µ¿¹Ý
<Fig.23-1> ´ëÅð°ñµÎ °ñÀýÀÇ Pipkin ºÐ·ù II. AOÀÇ ºÐ·ù C : ¹æ»ç¼±
ÃÔ¿µ ÀÏ¹Ý ¹æ»ç¼±°ú ¿äÁîÀ½Àº CT ÃÔ¿µÀÌ º¸ÆíȵǾî ÀÖ´Ù.
D : Ä¡·á
1) Pipkin I ÇüÀº-µµ¼öÁ¤º¹(closed reduction)
a) µµ¼öÁ¤º¹ÈÄ 4°¡Áö Áß¿ä ¿äÀÎ ( 4 factors of clinical importance ) ¨ç Á¤º¹µÈ
´ëÅð°ñµÎ¿Í ºñ±¸°¡ Á߽ɿøÇüÀÇ Çü»óÀÌ µÇ´ÂÁö (the concentricity of the reduced femoral head in the
acetabulum) ¨è ÀüÀ§µÈ °ñÆíÀÇ Á¤È®ÇÑ Á¤º¹ (the accuracy of the reduction of the displaced
femoral head fragment) ¨é °ñÀýµÈ ´ëÅð°ñµÎ °ñÆíÀÇ Å©±â (the size of the femoral head fragment)
¨ê Á¤º¹ÈÄ ¾ÈÁ¤¼ºÀÇ ¿©ºÎ (the stability of the reduction) b) µµ¼öÁ¤º¹ÈÄ °ßÀÎÀº 6ÁÖ±îÁö ½ÃÇàÇϸç, ºÎºÐ üÁß ºÎÇÏ´Â
´ÙÀ½ 6¡8ÁÖ ÀÌ ÈÄÀÌ´Ù. 2) Pipkin IIÇü
a) µµ¼öÁ¤º¹À» ½ÃÇàÇϰí Á߽ɿø(concentric)Á¤º¹ÀÌ ¾ÈµÇ¸é, °ñÆíÀÌ ÀÛÀ» °æ¿ì´Â
Á¦°Å(excision)Çϳª Å« °æ¿ì´Â ³»°íÁ¤ ½ÃŲ´Ù (countersunk screw µî). b) ¼úÈÄ Ã³Ä¡´Â
°°´Ù. 3) Pipkin IIIÇü
a) ÀþÀºÀÌ (young patient) ¨ç Å»±¸´Â Á¤º¹Çϰí, ´ëÅð °æºÎ´Â ±Ý¼Ó³»°íÁ¤ÇÑ´Ù. ¨è ±×¿Ü Ç÷°üºÎÂø
°ñÀ̽Ä(vascularized graft)À» ÇÒ ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù. b) ³ëÀÎ(elderly pt)-¹Ý°í°üÀý ġȯ¼ú (hemiarthroplasty)ÀÌ
´õ È¿°úÀûÀÌ´Ù. 4) Pipkin IVÇü
a) µµ¼öÁ¤º¹ÇÏ¿© °üÀýÀÇ ¿øÇü±¸Á¶¸¦ ÀÌ·ç´ÂÁö º»´Ù. (smooth contour of femoral head)
b) Á߽ɿøÀû Á¤º¹(concentric reduction)ÀÌ µÇÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸é ¼ö¼úÀû Á¤º¹ÈÄ ³»°í Á¤ÇÑ´Ù. (ORIF) c) ³ëÀÎ ¹× °üÀý¿°ÀÌ ÀÖ¾ú´ø
°æ¿ì´Â °üÀýġȯ¼úÀÌ °í·Á µÉ ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù. (if arthritis persist -THA recommend) II. ´ëÅð°æºÎ °ñÀý (ÓÞ÷ÚÌòÝ»Íéï¹,Femur neck
fracture)
A. ÇØºÎÇÐ
1). °üÀý³¶(capsule) : Àü¹æÀº ÀüÀÚ°£±îÁö, ÈĹæÀº °æºÎÀÇ Áß°£±îÁö ºÙ¾îÀÖ´Ù.
¢Ñ ÇØºÎÇÐÀû ¹®Á¦Á¡ : Á¤Çü¿Ü°ú ¿ª»ç´Â ´ëÅð°æºÎ °ñÀýÄ¡·áÀÇ ¿ø¸®¸¦ ã±âÀ§ÇÑ ¿ª»ç¿Í °°´Ù°í ÇÒ¸¸Å, Á¤Çü¿Ü°ú
Àǻ翡°Ô´Â °¡Àå Å« ¹®Á¦ °ñÀý(unsolved fracture)ÀÌ´Ù. ƯÈ÷³ª ÇØºÎ ÇÐÀûÀ¸·Î ´ëÅð°ñµÎÀÇ Ç÷¾×°ø±ÞÀÌ ¹Ì¹ÌÇÏ°í °ñ¸·ÀÌ ¾ø¾î¼ °ñÀ¯ÇÕÀÌ
½±°Ô ÀϾÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸ç, Á¤Çü¿Ü°ú Àǻ簡 ó¸® ÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Â
ÇÕº´ÁõÀÌ 10¡15%¿¡¼ ¹ß»ýÇÑ´Ù.
¡Ø ¨ç °¡°ñÀ» Çü¼º½ÃŰ´Â °ñ¸·ÀÌ ¾ø¾î¼ °ñ³»¸·¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼¸¸ À¯ÇÕÀÌ µÈ´Ù. (no periosteal layer,
therefore all healing must be endosteal) ¨è °üÀý¾×Àº °¡°ñÀ» ¿ëÇØ½ÃŲ´Ù (synovial fluied
bathing lysis callus)
¢¿ Hint ´ëÅð°æºÎ °ñÀýÈÄ ÃµÀÚ¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ ÈíÀμúÀÇ È¿°ú¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿© ?
--------- ´ëÅð °æºÎ °ñÀýÈÄ ÃâÇ÷·®Àº ÃÑ 5 cm3 ·Î ¹Ì¹ÌÇÏ´Ù ¶ÇÇÑ °ñÀýÈÄ ´ëÅð°æºÎ ¾Ð·ÂÀº 0-68mmHg( average
,28mm Hg)ÀÌ´Ù ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ °á°ú´Â ´ëÅð°æºÎ°ñÀýÈÄ¿¡ ÷ÀÚ (aspiration)´Â Ç÷°üÀÇ À̿ϱ⠾зÂ(diastolic blood
pressure)º¸´Ù ³·À¸¹Ç·Î ¼ö¼úÀüÀÇ Ã·ÀÚ´Â ´ëÅð°ñµÎÀÇ Ç÷°üÀå¾Ö È¿°ú¸¦ ÁÖÁö ¸øÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù
(preoperative aspiration is not effective--- 1984 Drake 2)
). 2) °ñ´Ù°øÁõ (ÍéÒýÍîñø,osteoporosis) °úÀÇ °ü°è
a) ´ëÅð°æºÎ °ñÀýÀº 70´ë³ª 80´ë¿¡¼ ºó¹ßÇÑ´Ù. (ÀüÀںΠ°ñÀýº¸´Ù 3³âÁ¤µµ ´õ Àþ´Ù.) b) ´ëÅð°æºÎ °ñÀýÀÇ
84%´Â Áߵ ÀÌ»óÀÇ °ñ´Ù°øÁõÀÌ µ¿¹ÝµÈ´Ù (Atkin, 1984). c) °ñ´Ù°øÁõÀÇ Á¤µµ´Â ´ëÅð±ÙÀ§ °ñÀýÀÇ ºóµµ¿Í´Â °ü°è°¡ ¾ø´Ù.(Makin,
1987). d) ´ëÅð°æºÎ °ñÀýÀÇ Æò±Õ ¿¬·ÉÀº ³²ÀÚ 72¼¼, ¿©ÀÚ 77¼¼ (Delee, 1990). e) insufficiency
fracture ¶õ °ñ´Ù°øÁõÀÌ ÀÖ´Â ³ëÀÎÀÇ °ñÀý·Î½á ¸í¹éÇÑ ¿Ü»ó ÀÌ ¾øÀÌ ¿À´Â °ñÀýÀ» ¸»ÇÑ´Ù. ( Dorne & Lander
) B. ´ëÅð ±ÙÀ§ºÎÀÇ Ç÷¾× °ø±Þ
1)´ëÅð°æºÎ Ç÷¾×°ø±Þ
a) ´ëÅð°æºÎ ÀÇ ±âÀúºÎ : extracapsular arterial ring Èĸé(posterior)-´ëÅð
³»È¸¼± µ¿¸ÆºÐÁö(medial femoral circumflex a. branch) Àü¸é(anterior)-´ëÅð ¿Üȸ¼± µ¿¸ÆºÐÁö(lateral
femoral circumflex a. branch) b) ´ëÅð°æºÎ Ç¥¸é : °üÀý³¶ÀÇ ascending cervical branch¿¡ ÀÇÇÏ¿©
°ø±Þ (ÀÏ ¸í retinacular artery)Çϸç 4ºÐÁöÁß lateral ºÐÁö°¡ ´ëÅð°ñµÎ¿Í °æºÎ¿¡ ´ë ºÎºÐ Ç÷¾×°ø±ÞÀ»
ÇÑ´Ù.
2) ´ëÅð°ñµÎ Ç÷¾×°ø±Þ ( blood supply of the femoral head )
a) lateral epiphyseal a.¡æ°¡Àå Áß¿äÇϳª, ¿Ü»ó¿¡ ½±°Ô ¼Õ»óµÈ´Ù. (from
retinacular a.) b) medial epiphyseal a.¡æ ¿øÇüÀδë(ligamentum teres)·ÎºÎÅÍ µé¾î¿À´Â µ¿ ¸ÆÀ¸·Î
¼ºÀÎÀÌ µÇ¸é Ç÷¾× °ø±ÞÀÌ Á¡Â÷ °¨¼ÒµÈ´Ù (from obturator a.) c) inferior metaphyseal a.¡æ °ñ³»¸·À¸·ÎºÎÅÍ
°ø±ÞµÇ´Â Ç÷¾×(from medial femoral circumflex a.) 3) ´ëÅð°æºÎ °ñÀýÀÌ
µÇ¸é Àç Ç÷¾×°ø±Þ(revascularization)Àº
a)ÀÜÁ¸ÇÏ´Â Áö´ëµ¿¸Æ(remaining retinacular vessel)À̳ª ¿øÇüÀδ뵿¸Æ
(functioning vessels in the ligamentum teres)¿¡ ÀÇÁ¸ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ´Ù.(remaining blood supply
by the process of creeping substitution ¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼ ÀÌ·ç¾îÁø´Ù. ƯÈ÷³ª subfoveolar area
supplied by the medial epiphyseal vessels )
b) second source is vascular ingrowth across the fracture site
:
¸ÕÀú °ñÀýÀÌ µÇ¸é fibrous tissue ¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼ ¾ÈÁ¤ÀÌ µÇ°í ,¾ÈÁ¤ÀÌ ÀÌ·ç¾îÁö¸é ÁÖÀ§ÀÇ vascular
bud ingrowth¿¡ Àå¾Ö°¡ ¾ø¾îÁö¹Ç·Î ¹«Ç÷¼º ±«»çÀÇ ºóµµ °¡ ÁÙ¾îµå´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
c). Garden ¿¡ ÀÇÇϸé valgus, rotary malpositionÀº foveal blood
supply ¿¡ Àå¾Ö¸¦ Áشٰí ÇÏ¿´À¸¸ç, LintonÀº Large nail À» ¿øÀοäÀÎÀ¸·Î. Caffey´Â nailÀÇ À§Ä¡ °¡ superior·Î
À§Ä¡ ÇÏ´Â °æ¿ì( superior aspect of femoral head )¿¡ lateral epiphyseal vessel¿¡ ¼Õ»óÀ» Áشٰí
ÇÏ¿´À¸¸ç, Stromquist ´Â triflange nailÀ̳ª ´Ù¸¥ nail À» ¾²Áö ¾Êµµ·Ï Çß´Ù. ÀÌÀ¯´Â »ðÀÔµ¿¾È »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â ¸ÁÄ¡ (
mallet )¿¡ ÀÇÇØ °¨ÀÔÀÌ ¾ÈµÇ±â( disimpaction) ¶§¹®À̶ó°í ÇÏ¿© ´ë½Å¿¡ hook nailÀ» °³¹ßÇÏ¿´´Ù. ±×¿Ü¿¡ screwµµ
´ëÅð°ñ µÎ¸¦ ȸÀü ½ÃŰ¹Ç·Î ligamentum teres Ç÷°ü¿¡ Àå¾Ö¸¦ ÁÙ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù°í ÇÑ´Ù. C. ¼Õ»ó ±âÀü- 3 °¡Áö
1. ´ëÀüÀںο¡ °¡ÇÑ Á÷Á¢ ¿Ü·Â ( direct blow ) -" Linton"
2. »çÁöÀÇ ¿ÜȸÀü ?¼Õ»ó ( lateral rotation of extremity )- "Scheck
"
3. ¹Ýº¹µÈ ºÎÇÏ ( cyclic loading) ·Î ¹Ì¼¼°ñÀý°ú ÀÏ¹Ý °ñÀýÀÌ ¿Â´Ù. ÀþÀºÀÌ ´Â Á÷Á¢ÀûÀÎ ¿Ü·Â
(direct force ) D. ºÐ·ù
1) Garden ºÐ·ù
a) Garden I Çü : ºÒ¿ÏÀü°ñÀý, ÀüÀ§°¡ ¾ø´Ù(an incomplete or impacted
fracture)
b) Garden II Çü : ¿ÏÀü°ñÀý, ÀüÀ§°¡ ¾ø´Ù(a complete fracture without
displacement)
c) Garden III Çü : ¿ÏÀü°ñÀý, ÀüÀ§°¡ ÀÖ´Ù(a complete fracture with partial
displacement).
d) Garden IV Çü : ¿ÏÀü°ñÀý ¹× ¿ÏÀü ÀüÀ§Çü °ñÀý·Î ¹æ»ç¼±»ó ºñ±¸¼ÒÁÖ¿Í ´ëÅð°ñµÎ ¼ÒÁÖ°¡ ÀÏÁ÷¼±À» ÀÌ·ç´Â
Á¤»ó¸ð¾çÀÌ´Ù 2)AO ºÐ·ù--
- B1; Subcapital Fx with slight displacement . B2;
Transcervical Fx B3; Nonimpacted, displaced, subcapital Fx 3) Pauwel ºÐ·ù (°ñÀý°¢¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼) Á¦ 1Çü I(30°), Á¦ 2Çü II (50°), Á¦ 3Çü III(70°)
»ç¿ëÀÌ ÁÙ¾îµç ÀÌÀ¯ ¨ç Å« °¢µµ¿Í ¹«Ç÷¼º ±«»çÀÇ ºóµµ¿Í ÀÏÄ¡ÇÏÁö
¾ÊÀ¸¸ç, ¨è ¿øÀ§°ñÆíÀÇ È¸Àü¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼ °¢µµ°¡ º¯ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¸ç ¨é ´Ù¸®ÀÇ À§Ä¡¿Í ¹æ»ç¼± ÃÔ¿µ°¢µµ¿¡ µû¶ó¼ °ñÀý°¢ÀÌ ´Ù¸¦ ¼ö ÀÖ¾î ÀÌ¿ëÀÌ ÁÙ ¾îµé°í
ÀÖ´Ù (not used). 4) ÇǷΰñÀý(stress fracture)
. ÇÇ·Î °ñÀýÀ» ÀÏÀÇ Å°´Â 2 °¡Áö ÀÎÀÚ( two casual factors ) ¨ç ÈûÀÇ Á¤µµ ( degree
of force applied ), ¨è °ñÀÇ ´Ü´ÜÇÑ Á¤µµ ( strength of the bone ) . ȯÀÚÀÇ 2 Áý´Ü(two group of
patients ) ¨ç Á¤»ó °ñ »óÅÂÀÇ ÀþÀºÀÌ - º´»çµé ¨è °ñ´Ù°øÁõÀÌ ÀÖ´Â ´ÄÀºÀÌ .
¹æ»ç¼± ¼Ò°ß¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ 2 ÇüÅ ( by Devas )
1 ½Å¿¬Çü( distraction ) ¶Ç´Â Ⱦ Çü - 60 ¼¼ ÀÌ»óÀÇ È¯ÀÚ.
2 ¾Ð¹ÚÇü( compression) - 60 ¼¼ ÀÌÇÏÀÌ¸ç °¡°ñÀÌ ´ëÅð °æºÎ ÇϺο¡ ¼ º¸ÀδÙ.( haze of
callus ) .
Ä¡·á ½Å¿¬ÇüÀº ÀÀ±Þ ¼ö¼úÀ» ¿äÇÑ´Ù. ÀüÀ§µÉ À§Çè ¶§¹®¿¡ (multiple pins or screws)
Pankovich ´Â ¸ðµç ÇǷΰñÀý¿¡¼ ±Ý¼Ó ³»°íÁ¤À» ±ÇÀ¯ÇÏ¿´´Ù. E. ºÒÀ¯ÇÕ ¹×
¹«Ç÷¼º±«»çÀÇ À§Çè ºóµµ¿Í Áø´Ü (Diagnosis)
1. ÀÏÂ÷ÀûÀ¸·Î °ñÀýÇü°ú ÀüÀ§Á¤µµ¿¡ µû¶ó¼ a. ¹«Ç÷¼º±«»ç´Â Garden I, IIÇü 16%, Garden
III, IVÇüÀº 28%. b. ÈĹæºÐ¼â°¡ Àְųª ºÎÀûÀýÇÑ Á¤º¹Àº À§ÇèÀÌ Å©´Ù. c. Á¤º¹ÀÇ ½Ã±â°¡ ´ÊÀ¸¸é ¹«Ç÷¼º±«»çÀÇ À§ÇèÀÌ
Å©´Ù.
Muscle pedicle bone graft & internal fixation(by Judet,
Meyers)
a. ÀÕÁ¡ : ¨ç ºÐ¼â°¡ ÀÖ´Â ÈĹ濡 °ñÀ̽ÄÀ»ÇÏ¿© ÁöÁö´ë ¿ªÇÒ·Î °ñÀýÀÇ ¾ÈÁ¤¼ºÀ» ¾òÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù(buttress
effect) ¨è °ñÀ̽ÄÀº ºÎÂ÷ÀûÀÎ Ç÷¾×°ø±ÞÀ» µµ¸ðÇÑ´Ù(additional bl. supply).
b. º¸°í : ÀüÀ§µÈ °æºÎ°ñÀýÀÇ 90%¿¡¼ À¯Çյǰí, ÈıâºÎºÐÇÔ¸ôÀº 18°³¿ù ÀÌ»ó ÃßÀû°á°ú ´Ü 8%¿¡¼
¿È 2. ¿¬·É°ú ³»°úÀûÀÎ ¹®Á¦ : °í·ÉÀ̳ª, PagetÀÇ Áúȯ¿¡¼ ºÒÀ¯ÇÕÀÇ ºóµµ°¡
³ô´Ù.
3. °ñÁÖ»ç·Î¼ ¹«Ç÷¼º±«»ç¸¦ Á¶±âÁø´ÜÇÑ´Ù
( Bauer ¿¡ ÀÇÇÏ¸é ¼ö¼úÈÄ 2 ÁÖÀ̳»ÀÇ technesium 99m-sulfur colloid bone
marrow scanning ÀÇ °á°ú Áï defici ent blood supply¿Í ÇÕº´ÁõÀÌ ¹ÐÁ¢ÇÑ °ü°è¸¦ º¸°í ÇÏ¿© Á¤È®¼ºÀÌ ³ôÀº °ÍÀ¸ ·Î
º¸°í µÇ¾ú´Ù. Asnis ¿¡ ÀÇÇÏ¸é ¶ÇÇÑ °ñÀý 2 ÁÖÀ̳»ÀÇ MRI ´Â ¼ö¼úÈÄ ±« »ç¸¦ Áø´Ü Çϴµ¥ ºÎÀûÇÕ ÇÏ´Ù°í ÇÑ´Ù
( MRI is not a prognmosticator for post-traumatic osteonecrosis
for at least 2 weeks after fracture ).
¹«Ç÷¼º ±«»ç Áø´Ü¹ý : 1. isotope clearance scanning 4. intraosseous
pressure 2. venography 5. isotopes 3. oxygen tension measurement Ä¡·á : Quadratus
femoris muscle pedicle graft (Judet, Meyer)ÀÇ ½Ãµµ. F.
°ñ´Ù°øÁõ Singh indexÀÇ ÆÇ´Ü :
3 ÀÌÇÏ¸é °ñ´Ù°øÁõÀ¸·Î ÆÇ´ÜµÇ¸ç, ³»°íÁ¤½Ã ½ÇÆÐ°¡ ³ô´Ù. G. Ä¡·á
:
°¡´ÉÇÑ Àçºü¸¥ Á¤º¹À» ÇÏ¿© Áö´ëµ¿¸Æ(retinacular a.)ÀÌ ¿øÈ°ÇÑ Ç÷¾×°ø±Þ À» Çϵµ·ÏÇÏ¿©¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
Á¤º¹±îÁöÀÇ ½Ã°£ÀÌ ±æ¾îÁú¼ö·Ï ¹«Ç÷¼º±«»ç ºóµµ°¡ ³ô¾ÆÁö´Â º¸°í°¡ ÀÖ´Â ¸¸Å, Á¤Çü¿Ü°úÀûÀ¸·Î´Â ÀÀ±Þ¼ö¼ú(emergency op.) À» ÇÏ¿©¾ß
ÇÑ´Ù.
1) Ä¡·á¸ñÀû :
1.ÇØºÎÇÐÀû Á¤º¹(anatomical reduction), 2 °¨ÀÔ (impaction), 3.°ß°íÇÑ ³»°íÁ¤
(stable internal fixation) 2) ³»±Ý¼Ó¹°Àº ±âº»ÀûÀ¸·Î µÎ°¡Áö ÇüŰ¡ ÀÖ´Ù. : a) ´Ù¹ß¼º ³ª»ç¿Í ÇÉ (multiple screw or pin) : Knowles pin, cancellous
screw
´Ù¹ß¼º ÇÉ»ðÀÔ(multiple pinning)¡æ´ëÅð°æºÎ Ä¡·á¿¡ °¡Àå ¸¹ÀÌ »ç¿ëµÈ´Ù b)Ȱ° ¾Ð¹Ú³ª»ç¿Í ±Ý¼ÓÆÇ (collapsible pin or compression screw and plate
combination) ¡æsliding hip compression screw & plate (SHCP)
¼ö¼úÀû µµ´Þ¹ýÀ¸·Î ÈĹ浵´Þ¹ýÀº Àý´ë ±ÝÁö ÀÌÀ¯´Â ´ëÅð°ñµÎ Ç÷¾×À» °ø ±ÞÇÏ´Â lateral epiphyseal
µ¿¸ÆÀÌ ´ëÅð°æºÎ ÈĸéÀ» Åë°úÇϹǷΠÀ̰÷ ÀÇ Àý°³¼úÀº Ç÷°ü¼Õ»óÀÇ À§ÇèÀÌ Å« °ÍÀÌ´Ù.(Campbell 8th
p.936) c) GardenÀÇ ¼±¿Ä¡(alignment index) :
ÀüÈÄÃø¸é ¹æ»ç¼±¼Ò°ß»ó ´ë Åð°æºÎ¿Í ´ëÅ𰣺ÎÀÇ °ñÁÖ (trabeculae)°¡ 160¡180°»çÀÌ ÀÌ´Ù. Áï
°ñÀýÁ¤º¹ÈÄ ÀüÈĸé, Ãø¸é »çÁø¿¡¼ ¸ðµÎ 155°¹üÀ§°¡ µÇ¾î ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù´Â ¶æÀÌ´Ù d) Adequacy
of reduction by Garden alignment index
- Good 160/180°in both AP & alteral Acceptable 155-180° in
both AP & Laeral Poor less than 155° or greater than 180°in both view
Malreduction less than 150° or greater than in AP view alone
SÇüÀÌ Çü¼ºµÇ¸é Àß Á¤º¹µÈ °ÍÀÌ´Ù(by Lowell).
GardenÀÇ ¼±¿Ä¡ 160¡180°À̳» 3) ´ëÅð°ñµÎ
ġȯ¼ú( prosthesis replacement)
(a) ¾ç±Ø¼º ´ëÅð°ñµÎ ġȯ¼ú(Bipolar hemiarthroplasty) ÀûÀÀÁõ
: ¨ç °í·ÉÀÇ È¯ÀÚ(70¼¼ ÀÌ»ó) ¶Ç´Â 2Â÷ ¼ö¼ú(±Ý¼ÓÁ¦°Å¼úÀ̳ª ºÒÀ¯ÇÕ ¼ö¼ú)À» ¹ÞÀ» ¼ö ¾ø´Â °Ç°ÀÌ ºÒ·®ÇÑ
³ëÀÎ(in elderly) ¨è ÆÄŲ½ºº´, ¶Ç´Â ¹Ý½Å¸¶ºñ, ½Å°æÀåÇØ°¡ Àִ ȯÀÚ(parkinson's disease) ¨é º´Àû °ñÀû
ȯÀÚ(pathologic fracture) ¨ê °í·ÉÀÇ È¯ÀÚ·Î Á¶±â¿îµ¿ÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÑÀÚ( early ambulation needed)
Carnesale°ú Anderson¿¡ ÀÇÇÏ¸é ³ëÀο¡¼ ´ëÅð°æºÎ°ñÀý ȯÀÚ¸¦ ÀÏÂ÷ ÀûÀÎ Àΰø°ñµÎ ġȯ¼úÀ» ½ÃÇàÇÑ °æ¿ì 60%¿¡¼ good
results, 30% complication, 5% mortality¸¦ ¾ò¾ú´Ù°í Çß´Ù. (b)
"Thompson"ÀÇ ¹Ý°üÀý ġȯ¼ú ÀûÀÀÀÇ 3p
¨ç Parkinson's disease ¨è Paget's disease ¨é Porosis (spastic
hemiplegia, old aged & blind, electric shock pt) (c) ´ëÅð°ñµÎ ġȯ¼úÀÇ ±Ý±âÁõ(hemiarthroplasty contraindications)
¨ç ÆÐÇ÷ÁõÀÌ Àִ ȯÀÚ ¨è Ȱµ¿ÀûÀÎ ÀþÀº ¿¬·É 4)°í°üÀý
Àüġȯ¼ú(total hip arthroplasty)ÀÌ Àû¿ëµÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â °¡À̵å¶óÀÎ(guide line)Àº ¾ÆÁ÷±îÁö´Â È®½ÇÄ¡ ¾Ê´Ù.
±×·¯³ª by F.Sim & Stuffer ¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ ÀûÀÀÁõ Àº ´ÙÀ½°ú °°´Ù. ¨ç °ñÀýÀÌ µÇ±â ÀüºÎÅͼ
°üÀýÀÇ ÁúȯÀÌ ÀÖ´Â ´ëÅð°æºÎ°ñÀý(patients who have associated hip disease as in severe AVN
& RA or degenerative disease) ¨è ¹Ý´ëÃøÀÇ °í°üÀýÀÇ ÁúȯÀÌ Àִ ȯÀÚ(Those with contralateral
hip disease) ¨é ³ëÀÎÀ¸·Î¼ ³»°íÁ¤½ÇÆÐÀÇ À§ÇèÀÌ ³ôÀº ÀÚ(in elderly pt. who high potential for
failure) 5) ÀüÀ̾Ï(metastasis)¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ º´Àû °ñÀýÀÌ ÀÖÀ»½Ã ÁÁÀº
Ä¡·á¹ý(Campbell 8th 944)
¨ç Á¾¾çÀÇ °¨¿ëÀû ¼ú(debulking of tumor) ¨è ½Ã¸àÆ®¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© Àΰø°ñµÎÀÇ
»ðÀÔ(prosthetic head replacement) ¨é ¼úÈÄ ¹æ»ç¼± Ä¡·á(postop radiation
therapy) ¡Ø ¹æ»ç¼± Ä¡·áÈÄ¿¡ ¿À´Â ´ëÅð°æºÎ°ñÀý :
¨± °í°üÀý ¹× ½½°üÀý¿¡ ±¹ÇѵǴ µ¿ÅëÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù(prodromal pain). ¨² ȯÀÚ´Â °ÉÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ¾î Á¡Â÷ÀûÀÎ
³»¹Ý°í(coxa vara)°¡ ¿Â´Ù. ¨³ °ñÀýÀÇ ÇüÅ´ high neck ¶Ç´Â subcapital°ñÀýÀÌ´Ù. ¨´ Ư¡ÀûÀÎ ³»¹Ý°íº¯ÇüÀÌ ¿Â´Ù. ¨µ
¹æ»ç¼± Ä¡·á°¡ Ç÷¾×ÀåÇØ¸¦ ÃÊ·¡ÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾Æ¼ ¿ÀÈ÷·Á °ñÀýº¸´Ù Àß Ä¡À¯µÉ ¼öµµ ÀÖ¾î¼ ºÒÀ¯ÇÕÀ̳ª ¹«Ç÷¼º ±«»çÀÇ ºóµµ°¡ Àû´Ù. ¨¶ °ñÀýÀÇ À¯ÇÕÈÄ
°æÈ(sclerosis)°¡ º¸ÀδÙ. H. Áø´ÜÀÌ ´ÊÀº °æ¿ìÀÇ ´ëÅð°æºÎ°ñÀýÀÇ Ä¡·á (fracture
of the neck of the femur diagnosed late)
King ¿¡ ÀÇÇÏ¸é ´ëÅð°æºÎ°ñÀýÀÌ 3 ÁÖÀÌ»ó Ä¡·áÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â »óÅ´ ¾Æ¿¹ ºÒÀ¯ÇÕ°ñ Àý (ununited
fracture )¶ó°í ¸í¸íÇß´Ù. Reich µµ ¼Õ»óÈÄ 6 ÁÖÀÌ»ó Ä¡·á°¡ µÇ Áö¾Ê´Â »óŶó¸é À¯ÇÕÀÌ µÇÁö ¾Ê´Â ´Ù°í Çß´Ù.
Coventry ¿Í Eftekhar ´Â °æ ºÎ°ñÀý Ä¡·á·Î 10 ÀÏ ÀÌÈÄ ÀÇ ±Ý¼Ó³»°íÁ¤¼úÀº °¡Ä¡°¡ ¾øÀ¸¸ç
´ëÅð°ñµÎġȯ¼úÀ» ±ÇÀ¯ÇÏ¿´´Ù. Meyerµî¿¡ ÀÇÇϸé 30-90 ÀÏ »çÀÌÀÇ Ä¡·á¾Ê´Â ´ëÅð°æºÎ°ñÀýÀº pos terior muscle pedicle
graft ¿Í ±Ý¼Ó³»°íÁ¤ ( internal fixation)À» ½ÃµµÇÏ ¿© 72 % À§ À¯ÇÕÀ» º¸¾ÒÀ¸³ª ¹«Ç÷¼º±«»ç¿¡ ´ëÇÑ º¸°í´Â ÇÏÁö
¸øÇÏ¿´´Ù. Rockwood preferred treatment :
1)Ȱµ¿¿¬·É(physiologic age) , ¿©¸í(life expectancy),µ¿¹Ý Áúȯ(associated
disease)µî ¿©·¯Á¶°ÇÀ» °í·ÁÇÏ¿© ´ëÅð°ñµÎ ġȯ¼úÀÌ ÀûÀÀÀÌ ¾Æ´Ñ°æ¿ì´Â ½Ç »ç ¹«Ç÷¼º±«»ç°¡ ÀÖ´Ù°í ÇÏ´õ¶óµµ ´ëÅð°ñµÎ¸¦ »ì¸®´Â muscle
pedicle graft ¿Í º¸Á¶ÀûÀÎ Àå°ñ´É À̽ļú( supplemental iliac crest bone graft)À» ±Ý ¼Ó ³»°íÁ¤½Ã¿¡
½ÃÇàÇÑ´Ù.
2) ¸¸ÀÏ ´ëÅð°ñµÎġȯ¼úÀÇ ÀûÀÀÁõÀ̶ó¸é ´ëÅð°ñµÎ ġȯ¼ú(hemiarthroplasty) À̳ª Àüġȯ¼ú( total
hip replacement)À» ºñ±¸¿¬°ñ( acetabular cartilage involvement )ħ¹ü¿©ºÎ¿¡ µû¶ó¼ ¼±ÅÃÇÏ¿©
½ÃÇàÇÑ´Ù. I.
ÇÕº´Áõ(complications)
»ç¸Á·ü(mortality ): during first year after hip fracture ranges
from 14 to 36%. The risk is highest during the first 6months after injury ºóµµ °í°üÀý
°ñÀýÈÄ Àϳâ À̳» »ç¸Á·ü 14-36 %
Ç÷Àü ¹× »öÀüÁõ (thromboembolism) ´ëÅð±ÙÀ§ºÎ °ñÀý ȯÀÚÀÇ 40 %, ȯÀÚÀÇ 1/4 ¿¡¼¸¸ Áõ»óÀ»
È£¼Ò °¨¿°(infection) (1-14%):
use of antibiotics risk of infection decreased the risk of
infection with Staphylococcus aureus from 5 % to 1% for major wound infection
and from 11% to 4 % for minor wound infectio n °ü·Ã¿äÀÎ 1.¼ö¼ú½Ã°£,2, °ñ ÀýÈÄ º´¿ø±îÁö ÀÔ¿ø ±â°£ ,
3,¼ö¼úÈÄ ´¢°ü »ðÀÔ ±â °£°ú °¨¿°ÀÇ ºóµµ°¡ °ü·ÃÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù°í ÇÔ ¨± ȯÀÚ´Â 70¡80´ë¿¡¼ °¨¿°ÀÌ ³ô´Ù(7th or 8th decades or
older). ¨² µ¿¹ÝÁúȯÀÌ ÀÖÀ» ¶§(´ç´¢³ª ¸¸¼ºÀ§Àå¿°). ¨³ ȸÀ½ºÎ °¡±îÀÌ¿¡ ÇǺÎÀý°³¸¦ ÇÒ ¶§¿¡(incision near perineum).
¨´ ±¤¹üÀ§ÇÑ Àý°³¼ú°ú ¿À·» ¼ö¼ú½Ã°£(wide exposure & prolonged op. time). ¨µ
Á¤½ÅÀÌ»óȯÀÚ(disoriented pt.). ºÒÀ¯ÇÕ(nonunion) :
6¡12°³¿ù »çÀÌ¿¡ À¯ÇÕ¼Ò°ß(no evidence of union)ÀÌ ¾øÀ»½Ã
ºóµµ: ºñÀüÀ§ °ñÀý¿¡¼´Â µå¹°´Ù. ÀüÀ§°ñÀýÀÎ °æ¿ì 20-30 %( rare after nondisplaced
fracture but occurs in 20 % to 30 % of displaced fracture) Most series reported
union rates of 85 % to 95 % after reduction and internal fixation of displaced
fractures
Á¤ÀÇ(criteria): °ñÀýÈÄ 6- 12 °³¿ù µ¿¾È À¯ÇÔÀÇ Áõ°Å (healing evidence ) °¡ ¾øÀ»¶§
°ü·Ã(factors): 1.ºÎÁ¤È®ÇÑÁ¤º¹ ¹× ³»°íÁ¤°ú ºÒÀ¯ÇÕÀº »ó°üÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù°í ÇÑ´Ù(Cleveland & Bailey ) 2. ¹«Ç÷¼º ±«»ç
ȯÀÚ¿¡¼ ºÒÀ¯ÇÕµµ ³ô´Ù°í ÇÑ´Ù.( Barnes, Boyd & Phemister ) 3.°ñÀýºÎÀ§°¡ ºÐ¼âµÇ¾î ÀÖÀ¸¸é 60 % ¿¡¼ ºÒÀ¯ÇÕÀÌ
¹ß»ý
( Banks ) ¿øÀÎÀº 1. °íÁ¤ »ó½Ç(loss of fixation(°¡Àå Áß¿ä)) 2. Ç÷¾×°ø±Þ
Àå¾Ö(vascular insufficiency) 3.ºÎÁ¤È®ÇÑ Á¤º¹( inaccurate reduction)
Ä¡·á: 1.´ëÅð°ñµÎ¸¦ »ì¸®´Â °æ¿ì ( salvage operation ) Dickson geometric
osteotomy with bone graft µî 2. Àΰø°ñµÎ·Î ´ëü ÇÒ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù( femoral head replacement)
¹«Ç÷¼º±«»ç(aseptic necrosis) : ¹«Ç÷¼º±«»ç´Â Èı⠺κРÇÔ¸ô( late segmental collapse )°ú ±¸º°ÀÌ µÇ¾î¾ß
ÇÑ´Ù. Èı⠺κРÇÔ¸ôÀº ±«»çºÎÀ§ÀÇ °ñ¿¡ °üÀý¸éµîÀÌ ÇÔ¸ô µÈ °ÍÀ¸·Î Èı⿡ °ñ¼º°ü Àý¿°À»
¹ß»ý½ÃŰ¾î¼ µ¿ÅëÀ» ÀÏÀ¸Å²´Ù. Á¤ÀÇ(definition): Aseptic necrosis, the actual death of bone
secondary to ischemia, is an early phenomenon after fracture of the femoral neck
and can be considered a microscopic event,
(Late segmental collapse is the collapse of the subchondral
bone and articular cartilage that overlies the infarcted bone. This collapse
results in joint incongruity, pain, and, eventually, degenerative joi nt
disease. )
ºóµµ:
ÀüÀ§ °ñÀýÀÇ 66 % ¿¡¼ ºÎºÐ ¶Ç´Â ¿ÏÀü ±«»ç°¡ ¿Â´Ù. ÈıâºÎºÐ ÇÔ¸ôÀº 2³â ºÎÅÍ 17 ³â±îÁö ³ªÅ¸³¯ ¼ö
ÀÖÀ¸¸ç ºñÀüÀ§°ñÀýÀº 10-20 %¿¡¼, ÀüÀ§ °ñÀýÀº 15-35 % ¿¡¼ ¹ß»ýÇÑ´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ ¿©ÀÚ¿¡¼´Â ºóµµ°¡ ³ô´Ù°í
ÇÑ´Ù. ¹æ»ç¼± ¼Ò°ß ;
1. Ư¡ÀûÀ¸·Î °ñÀ½¿µÀÌ Áõ°¡µÇ¾î º¸ÀδÙ. ÀÌÀ¯´Â ±«»çµÈ Á¶Á÷À¸·Î »õ·Î¿î °ñÀÌ Ä§ÂøµÈ°ÍÀ̸ç ÁÖÀ§ÀÇ °ñ´Ù°øÁõ
¶§¹®¿¡ ´õ¿í À½¿µÀÌ Áõ°¡µÇ¾î º¸ÀÌ ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. 2. Áø´ÜÀº ´ë°Ô ¼Õ»ó 6 °³¿ù À̳»¿¡´Â ¹æ»ç¼±»ó ³ªÅ¸³ªÁö ¾ÊÀ¸³ª °ñÁÖ»ç ( bone scan
), MRI·Î Á¶±â Áø´ÜÀº °¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù. 6°³¿ù À̳»¿¡ Áø´ÜÀÌ ¾î·Æ´Ù. µ¿À§¿ø¼Ò °ñÁÖ»ç (Tc99m) ÃÔ¿µÀÌ
¿äÇÔ. ÈıâºÎºÐÇÔ¸ô(late segmental collapse)Àº
7-27%Á¤µµ
°íÁ¤ »ó½Ç(ͳïÒßÃã÷,loss of fixation)
J. ºÒÀ¯ÇÕ(nonunion) Ä¡·á½Ã
³»°íÁ¤¼úÀ» ½ÃÇàÇÒ ¶§ °í·ÁµÇ´Â »çÇ× ¨ç ȯÀÚÀÇ ¿¬·É°ú ¼Õ»óÀüÀÇ È°µ¿»óÅÂ(pt's age &
physical status) ¨è ´ëÅð°ñµÎÀÇ »ýÁ¸¿©ºÎ(viability of femoral head) ¨é °ñÀýºÎÀ§ÀÇ °ñÈí¼ö ¼Ò½Ç
Á¤µµ(status of femur neck absorption)
¢Ñ °ñÀýºÎÀ§¿¡ °ñÈí¼ö ¼Ò°ßÀÌ º¸ÀϽà ÀǽÉÇØ¾ßµÉ °æ¿ì? ¨±
°ñÀýºÎÀ§ÀÇ ¿òÁ÷ÀÓ( motion) ¨² ¿°Áõ¹ÝÀÀ ¨³ ´ëÅð°ñµÎ ¹«Ç÷¼º±«»ç ¨ê ºÒÀ¯ÇÕÀÇ ±â°£(duration of
nonunion) K. °í°üÀý °ñÀý ±Ý¼Ó ³» °íÁ¤ Ä¡·áÈÄ¿¡ ¿À´Â ¹®Á¦Á¡ (failure
after internal fixation of fracture of hip)
1) °¨¿°(infection) : 1¡14%, ´ëºÎºÐ 70¡80´ë¿¡¼ ¿Â´Ù. a) ´ëÅð°æºÎ°ñÀý½Ã - °üÀý±îÁö
ħ¹üµÈ °æ¿ì ±Ý¼ÓÆÇ Á¦°Å ½ÃŲÈÄ ºÎ°ñ(sequestra)ÀÌ µÉ ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î ´ëÅð°ñµÎ¸¦ Á¦°ÅÇÑ´Ù. ¡Ø b) ÀüÀںγª ÀüÀÚÇϺΠ°ñÀý½Ã - ¹Ý´ë·Î
±Ý¼ÓÆÇÀº ±×´ë·Î À¯Áö½ÃŲÈÄ ±¤¹üÀ§ÇÏ°Ô ¹è³ó½ÃŲ´Ù
2) ±Ý¼Ó¹°ÀÇ °íÁ¤ ½ÇÆÐ(loss of fixation)
3) ºÒÀ¯ÇÕ (nonunion)
4) ¹«Ç÷¼º ±«»ç(avascular necrosis) ¡æÁ¤º¹½Ã°£°úÀÇ °ü°è (Massie,
1973)
¡Û 12½Ã°£À̳» ¼ö¼ú - 25% A.V.N ¡Û 13¡24½Ã°£À̳» ¼ö¼ú - 30% A.V.N ¡Û 24¡48½Ã°£À̳»
¼ö¼ú - 40% A.V.N ¡Û ÀÏÁÖÀÏÈÄ - 100% A.V.N L. µ¿Ãø ´ëÅð°æºÎ¿Í ´ëÅ𰣺ΰñÀý(ipsilateral femur neck & shaft
fracture)
1) ¿øÀÎ : ´ëºÎºÐ ±³Åë»ç°í
2) Áø´ÜÀ» ³õÄ¥¼ö ÀÖ´Ù(occasionally missed diagnosis) . º¸Åë ´ëÅ𰣺Πġ·á ½Ã¿¡
´ëÅð°æºÎ °ñÀýÀÌ 10%°¡ ¹ß°ßµÈ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ´Ü¼ø ´ëÅð°æºÎ¿¡¼ º¸´Ù ¿¹ÈÄ ´Â ÁÁÀºµ¥ ±× ÀÌÀ¯´Â ¿¡³ÊÁö°¡ ºÐ»êµÇ±â ¶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. (better
prognosis) .
3) ºÐ·ù: °æºÎ´Â Pauwel 3 Çü °ñÀý°ú ´ëÅð°ñÀýÀº 90% °¡ Áß°£ 1/3 ¿¡¼ °ñÀý ÀÌ µÈ´Ù. µ¿¹Ý¼Õ»óÀ¸·Î
½½°³°ñ °ñÀýÀÌ ¸¹´Ù.
4) Ä¡·á´Â ºÐºÐÇÏ´Ù(controversy in treatment )
a.:¹®Á¦Á¡Àº Ä¡·áÀÇ ¿ì¼±±Ç(priority)À» ¾îµð¿¡ µÎ´À³Ä ÀÏ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ´ëÅð °æºÎ °ñÀýÀ» °£ºÎ°ñÀýº¸´Ùµµ ´õ
¸ÕÀú Ä¡·áÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¿øÄ¢ÀÌ´Ù. Àç°ÇÇü ±³ÇÕÁ¤ (reconstructive interlocking nail)À¸·Îµµ Ä¡·áÇϰí ÀÖÀ¸³ª Àü¹®ÀûÀÎ ¼ö¼ú
¼ö ±â°¡ ¿äÇϸç, ´Ù¸¥ ÇÐÀÚµéÀÇ ³í¹®°ú Àå±âÀûÀÎ °üÂûÀÌ ¿äÇÑ´Ù.
b :±Ý¼Ó ( implant) ¢Ä´ëÅð°æºÎ´Â -6.5mm ÇØ¸é°ñ ³ª»ç(screw) , ¢Ä ´ëÅ𰣺δÂ- ±Ý¼ÓÆÇ, °ñ
¼ö°³» °íÁ¤À» ÇÒ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù( plate or intramedullary nail). Rockwood ( 4 th ed. p 1705 ) - ±ä
Ȱ° ¾Ð¹Ú°í ³ª»ç (compression hip plate with a long side plate ) 5) ÀúÀÚÀÇ
Ä¡·á¹ý-----------------------------------------------------------
°¡´ÉÇÑ ¸ÕÀú ´ëÅð°æºÎ´Â 6.5mm ÇØ¸é°ñ ³ª»ç¸øÀ» 3°³ Á¤µµ »çÀÔÇϰí, ´ëÅð °£ºÎ´Â À¯¿¬¼º °ñ¼ö°³» °íÁ¤ÀÎ
EnderÁ¤À» ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¿© ¼ö¼ú½Ã°£ÀÇ ´ÜÃàÀ» ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ¸¸ÀÏ Àç°ÇÇü °ñ¼ö°³» °íÁ¤(reconstruction nail)À¸·Î ¼ö¼ú ÇÒ·Á¸é
±ÙÀ§È¾³ª»ç ¸øÀÌ ´ëÅð°æºÎÀÇ Áß¾Ó¿¡ À§Ä¡µÉ ¶§ ±îÁö ±Ý¼ÓÁ¤À» ±í°Ô »ðÀÔÇϰųª °ßÀÎ ÇÏ¿©¾ßÇÑ´Ù( demands
techniques) M. ´ëÅð°æºÎ°ñÀýÀÇ Áø´ÜÀ» ³õÄ£ °æ¿ì(fracture of the neck
of femur, diagnosed late)
1) ÀþÀºÀÌÀÇ °æ¿ì : °¡´ÉÇÑ ´ëÅð°ñµÎ¸¦ »ì¸®±â À§ÇÑ ³ë·ÂÀ» ÇÑ´Ù. (salvage procedure by
posterior muscle pedicle bone graft or bone graft)
2) ³ëÀÎÀÇ °æ¿ì : Àΰø°ñµÎ ġȯÀ̳ª ¶Ç´Â Àü°í°üÀý ġȯ¼úÀ» °í·ÁÇÑ´Ù. (in elderly-
hemiarthroplasty or total hip arthroplasty) N. ÀþÀºÀÌÀÇ ´ëÅð°æºÎ°ñÀý( traumatic femoral neck fractures
in young adult )
a. µå¹°´Ù (uncommon), ±×¸®°í °íµµÀÇ ¿¡³ÊÁö(high energy injury )
¼Õ»óÀÌ´Ù.
±×·¯¹Ç·Î ¹«Ç÷¼º±«»ç³ª ºÒÀ¯ÇÕÀ̸¹´Ù( high-velocity trauma, a high-angle
shear-type fracture to near lesser trochanter, high incidence of aseptic
necrosis and nonunion) °íµµÀÇ Àü´Ü¿¡³ÊÁö ¼Õ»óÀ¸·Î 20-40´ë¿¡ ¸¹ÀÌ ¿À¸ç ³ëÀΰú ¸ðµç¸é¿¡¼ ´ëÁ¶Àû ÀÌ´Ù. Protzman
and Burkhalter ÀÇ 20-40 ´ë ȯÀÚÀÇ Á¶»ç °á°ú 21·Ê Áß¿¡¼ 62 %nonunion rate ¿Í 90 % aseptic
necrosis À»º¸°í ÇÏ¿´´Ù. Three basic difference between these
femoral neck fracture and those in elderly patients
Ư¡ ¨ç ³ëÀΰú ´Þ¸® µå¹°´Ù(uncommon) ¿¬·ÉÀº 40´ë ÀÌÈÄÀÌ´Ù. ¨è Ä¡·á°á°ú°¡ ³ëÀκ¸´Ùµµ ´õ
ºÒ·®ÇÏ´Ù(poor than elderly pt.) ¨é ³ëÀΰú ´Þ¸® °íµµÀÇ ¿¡³ÊÁö ¼Õ»óÀÌ´Ù(high kinetic
energy) b. Ä¡·á: ¼º°øÀûÀÎ Ä¡·á¸¦ À§ÇÑ 3 °¡Áö ¿øÄ¢- ( Three criteria
for successful treatm ent of femoral neck fractures in young patients according
to Bray and Templeman).
¨ç °íÁ¤Àº 12½Ã°£ À̳»¿¡ ÇÏ¿©¾ß ÇÑ´Ù(fixation must be within 12 hrs of
injury) ¨è ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù¸é °³¹æÀû Á¤º¹À» ÇØ¼¶óµµ ÇØºÎÇÐÀû Á¤º¹(anatomical reduction)À» ¾ò¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ¨é ´Ù¹ß¼º ÇÉ
°íÁ¤(multiple screw fixation)ÀÌ ¾Ð¹Ú°í ³ª»ç(compression hip screw)º¸´Ù °á°ú°¡ ÁÁ´Ù. OTAÀÇ º¸°í¿¡
ÀÇÇÏ¸é ´Ù¹ß¼º ÇÉ °íÁ¤(multiple screw fixation)Àº 19%¿¡¼ ¹«Ç÷¼º±«»ç, 14% ¿¡¼ ºÒÀ¯ÇÕÀ̾úÀ¸³ª ¾Ð¹Ú°í
³ª»ç°íÁ¤(compression hip screw)Àº 33% ¿¡¼ ¹«Ç÷¼º±«»ç, 57%¿¡¼ ºÒÀ¯ÇÕÀ» º¸°íÇÔ ( ¡ØOTA=Orthopedics
Trauma Association)¡¡ c. ÇÕº´Áõ ºÒÀ¯ÇÕ, ¹«Ç÷¼º±«»çÀÇ ³ôÀº ºóµµ´Â ½ÉÇÑ
¿Ü»ó(high energy)°ú °ü°è ÀÖ´Ù. ( Rockwood 4th ,p1697)
Garden stage¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ ºÐ·ù ¿ÏÀü°ñÀýÀ̳ª ÀüÀ§°¡ µÇÁö ¾ÊÀº ¥°, ¥±ÇüÀº ¾à 99.5%¿¡¼
À¯ÇÕ(union)À» ¾òÀ» ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸³ª ÀüÀ§°¡ ÀÖ´Â ¥², ¥³ÇüÀº 65%¿¡¼¸¸ À¯ÇÕÀ» ¾ò´Â´Ù. ¹«Ç÷¼º±«»ç´Â 18°³¿ùºÎÅÍ 3³â »çÀÌ¿¡ ¿À¸ç ȯÀÚÀÇ ¾à
20%¿¡¼ º¸°íµÈ´Ù.1) ¡Ý Âü°í¹®Çå
1. Barnes R, Brown JT, Garden RS, Nicoll EA : Subcapital
fractures of femur JBJS, 58-B, 2-24, 1976
2. Drake JK and Meyers MH : Intracapsular pressure and
hemarthrosis following femoral neck fracture, Clin Orthop,
182:172-176,1984 III. ¼Ò¾Æ °í°üÀý
°ñÀý(á³ä®ÍÆÎ¼ï½Íéï¹, Hip fracture in children)
A. ¼ºÀΰúÀÇ Â÷ÀÌÁ¡ (differs from adult)
1) ¡Ø Ư¡ : ¼ºÀΰú ´Þ¸® µå¹°¸ç(¼ºÀÎÀÇ 1% ¹Ì¸¸) °í°üÀý Å»±¸°¡
°ñÀýº¸´Ù ¸¹´Ù.
1) °ñ´ÜÆÇÀÌ Á¸ÀçÇÏ¿© Á¦ 1Çü °ñ´ÜÆÇ ºÐ¸®¸¦ ½ÃŰ¾î ´ëÅð°ñµÎ°¡ ºñ±¸³»¿¡
Á¸ÀçÇϰųª ¶Ç´Â Å»±¸µÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù(type 1 transepiphyseal separatrion in which the capital
femoralepiphysis may stay within the aceabulum or maybe dislocated).
2) ´ëÅð°ñµÎÀÇ Ç÷°üÀÌ ½±°Ô ¼Õ»óµÇ¾î ¹«Ç÷¼º ±«»ç°¡ È£¹ßµÇ±â
½±´Ù.(the blood vessel to the femoral head easily damaged , and high
incidence of avascular necrosis occur in cervical and transepiphyseal fracture
in children than adults )
3) ¼ºÀåÀÌ Á¤ÁöµÇ¾î ÇÏÁöÀÇ 15%Á¤µµ ´ÜÃàÀÌ ¿Ã ¼ö
ÀÖ´Ù(Growth arrest in epiphyseal plate can cause shortening of up to 15% of
the total extremity)
4) ´ëÅð°æºÎÀÇ ¿ÜÀü ¶Ç´Â ³»ÀüÀ» ÃÊ·¡ÇÑ´Ù. ´ÜÃàÀÌ ¿Ã ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù(
varus or valgus angulation of the femoral neck also can occur from arrest of
only one side epiphyseal plate). 5) ¼Ò¾Æ´Â ¼ºÀο¡ ºñÇØ ¼®°í°íÁ¤ µî¿¡ Àß °ßµô ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù(a child an
tolerate immobilization much more choices for treatment are
available). B. ºÐ·ù (by Delbet)
Á¦ 1Çü : °æ °ñ´ÜÆÇ ºÐ¸®(transepiphyseal separation)- 2 types (1)´ëÅð°ñµÎ°¡
ºñ±¸³»¿¡ Á¸ÀçÇÏ´Â °æ¿ì( transepiphyseal fractures without dislocation of the femoral head)
(2)´ëÅð°ñµÎ°¡ Å»±¸µÈ °æ¿ì( transepiphyseal fracture with dislocation of femoral
head)
Á¦ 2Çü : °æ °æºÎ°ñÀý(transcervical fracture) (40¡50%)
Á¦ 3Çü : °æºÎÀüÀÚ°£ °ñÀý(cervicotrochanteric fracture)
Á¦ 4Çü : ÀüÀÚ°£ °ñÀý(intertrochanteric fracture) C. ÇÕº´Áõ
1) ¹«Ç÷¼º±«»ç(A.V.N) :most common and devastating
complications
°¡Àå ÈçÇÏÁö¸¸ ¶ÇÇÑ °¡Àå ³ª»Û ÇÕº´ÁõÀÌ´Ù. ¹æ»ç¼± º¯È´Â 1.5°³¿ù(Æò±Õ 9.3°³¿ù) ºÎÅÍ ¿Ã ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ºóµµ´Â
¾à 43%ÀÌ¸ç °¨º°Áø´ÜÀ¸·Î(D/D) L.C.P.º´Àº ¨ç vascular insult is milder repetitive &
incomplete ¨è repair remodeling process is short and reossification is total ÀÌ´Ù.
(¹«Ç÷¼º ±«»ç ºóµµ : type ¥° 100%, ¥± 52%, ¥² 27%, ¥³ 14%)
3°¡Áö ÇüÅÂÀÇ ¹«Ç÷¼º ±«»ç (The three types of avascular necrosis described
by Ratliff. Type I - total head involvement; Type II - segmental involvement;
and Type III - involvement from the fracture line to the
physis) 2) ³»¹Ý°í(Ò®ÚãÍÆ,coxa vara) : ´ëÅð°£ºÎ¿Í °æºÎÀÇ °¢ÀÌ
120°ÀÌ»óÀ̸é ÀçÇü¼ºµÇ³ª, 100¡110°ÀÌÇÏÀ̸é ÀçÇü ¼ºÀÌ ¾ÈµÇ°í º¯Çü »óÅ·Π³²´Â´Ù.
¿øÀÎ : ¨ç °ñÀýÁ¤º¹ÀÇ ½ÇÆÐ(failure to a hip spica cast) ¨è °í¼ö»ó ¼®°í³»¿¡¼
°ñÀýÁ¤º¹À¯ÁöÀÇ ½ÇÆÐ (loss of alignment in a hip spica cast) ¨é ´ëÅð°ñµÎ°ñ´ÜÀÇ ¹«Ç÷¼º±«»ç³ª Á¶±âÀ¯ÇÕ
(aseptic necrosis and premature fusion of capital femoral epiphysis.) 3) ºÒÀ¯ÇÕ
(nonunion) 4) ¼ºÀåÆÇ Á¶±âÀ¯ÇÕ (premature epiphyseal closure (P.E.C.)) ´ÜÃàÀÌ 2cm ÀÌ»ó½Ã´Â
¹«Ç÷¼º±«»ç ¶§¹®À̶ó°í ÃßÁ¤ ´ÜÃàÀÌ 2cm ÀÌÇϽô ¼ºÀåÆÇ Á¶±âÀ¯ÇÕ ¶§¹® D. ¼Ò¾ÆÀÇ °í°üÀý
°ñÀýÄ¡·áÀÇ ¿äÁ¡Á¤¸® (In summary, or treatment recommendations are as follows)
1) Á¦ 1Çü : ¨ç Å»±¸°¡ ¾øÀ»½Ã : µµ¼öÁ¤º¹ÈÄ KnowlesÇÉ µîÀ¸·Î °íÁ¤ ¨è Å»±¸°¡ ÀÖÀ»½Ã :
µµ¼öÁ¤º¹½ÃÇàÇÏ°í ¸¸ÀÏ µµ¼öÁ¤º¹ÀÌ ¾ÈµÇ¸é °³¹æÀû Á¤º¹ÈÄ ±Ý¼ÓÇÉÀ¸·Î ³»°íÁ¤ÇÑ´Ù.
2) Á¦ 2Çü : ÀüÀ§ÀÇ Á¤µµ¿¡ °ü°è¾øÀÌ ¸ðµÎ µµ¼öÁ¤º¹ ÈÄ ³»°íÁ¤½ÃŲ´Ù
3) Á¦ 3Çü : ¨ç ÀüÀ§½Ã : µµ¼öÁ¤º¹ÈÄ Knowles ÇÉÀ¸·Î ³»°íÁ¤½ÃŲ´Ù. ¨è ºñÀüÀ§½Ã : ¿ÜÀüÇü °í¼ö»ó
¼®°íÇÑ´Ù.
4) Á¦ 4Çü : ÇǺΠ¶Ç´Â °ñ°ßÀÎ ÈÄ ¿ÜÀüÇü °í¼ö»ó ¼®°íÇÑ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª °ñÀýÀÌ Á¤º¹µÇÁö ¾Ê°Å³ª ¼®°í³»¿¡¼ Á¤º¹ÀÇ
À¯Áö°¡ ¾ÈµÉ ¶§´Â ±Ý¼Ó³»°íÁ¤µµ ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. E.¼Ò¾ÆÀÇ ´ëÅð°æºÎ°ñÀý Ä¡·á°á°úÀÇ
ÆÇÁ¤
1) The assessment of results by Ratliff 2)1962
Pain none or ignores occasional disabling
Movement full or terminal greater than 50 % less than 50 %
restriction
Activity normal or avoids normal or avoids restricted
games
Radiograp normal or some severe deformity severe AVN deformity
of of femoral neck degenerative arthritis femoral neck Mild AVN
arthrodesis ÀúÀÚÀÇÄ¡·á
¹ý-------------------------------------------------------
¼Ò¾ÆÀÇ ´ëÅð°æºÎ´Â ³Ê¹«³ªµµ ´Ü´ÜÇÏ¿© ÇÉ »ðÀÔµµ ½±Áö ¾ÊÀ¸¸ç ÇÉ»ðÀÔ µ¿¾È¿¡ ´ëÅð°ñ µÎ°¡ ȸÀüÀÌ µÇ´Â ¼ö°¡ ¸¹´Ù.
º¸Åë ´Ù¹ß¼º K-°¼±À» ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¿© °íÁ¤ÇÑ´Ù. ¸¸ÀÏ ³ª»ç ¸øÀ» »ðÀԽÿ¡´Â °¡´ÉÇÑ ´ëÅð°æºÎ »ó¿¬À» Áö³ª¼ ´ëÅð°ñµÎ -ºñ±¸ °ñ±îÁö K-wire¸¦ ¸ÕÀú
»ðÀÔÇÏ°í ³ µÚ¿¡ ÀÏÂ÷ µå¸±À» »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© Åë·Î¸¦ ¸¸µç µÚ ³ª»ç¸øÀ» »ðÀÔÇÑ´Ù. Âü°í ¹®Çå
1. Campbell's Operative orthopedics 8 th Ed. p 1133 ,Mosby
year book Co.1992.
2. Ratliff AHC: Complications after fracture of the femoral
neck in children and their treatment, J Bone Joint
Surg,52B:175,1970 ´ëÅð ÀüÀÚºÎÀ§ °ñÀý
ÓÞ ÷Ú ï® í Ý»êÈ Íé ï¹ Pertrochanteric Fracture
I. ´ëÅð ÀüÀںΠ°ñÀý (ÓÞ÷Ú ï®íÝ» Íéï¹, Intertrochanteric fracture
)
A. ÇØºÎÇÐ ¹× ÀÏ¹ÝÆ¯Â¡ .
´ëÀüÀںο¡¼ ¼ÒÀüÀںο¡ À̸£´Â °ñÀý·Î½á ´ëÅð°æºÎ ±âÀúºÎ °ñÀý°ú Àß ±¸º° ÀÌ µÇÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù.Áß¿äÇÑ °ÍÀº ±ÙÀ§ºÎ¿¡
¿ÜÀü±Ù(short external rotator attached to proximal fragment)ÀÌ ºÎÂøµÇ¾î ÇÏÁö´Â ¾à°£ÀÇ ¿ÜȸÀü ½ÃÄѼ
°ßÀÎÇÏ¿©¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.. °üÀý³¶¿ÜÀÇ °ñÀýÀ̸ç ÇØ¸é°ñÀýÀ̾î Ç÷·ù °ø±ÞÀÌ ÁÁ¾Æ ºÒÀ¯ÇÕÀº µå¹°´Ù (extracapsular intertrochanteric
fractures occur through cancellous bone , which has an excellent blood supply,
even if it is lefted untreated fracture usually stabilize within 8 weeks and
allow weight bearing within 12 weeks)
¢Ä ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î °æºÎ-°£ºÎÀÇ °¢µµ´Â 135¡£ ¾Ë°í ÀÖÁö¸¸ Æò±Õ 69.9 ¼¼ °¡µÇ¸é 125 ¡£ °¡ µÈ´Ù°íµµ ÇÑ´Ù(
neck-shaft angle 125¡£at 69.9 yrs old by Noble ) B.
Epidemiology ( æ¹ùÊ )
1. ´ëÅð°æºÎ°ñÀý°úÀÇ Â÷ÀÌÁ¡
a. ¹ß»ýºóµµ´Â ´ëÅð°æºÎ°ñÀýº¸´Ù 4¹è ´õ ¸¹°í ÁÖ·Î ³ëÀο¡¼ ¹ß»ýÇÑ´Ù(4 times commons, Morris
1941) b. ¹ß»ý¿¬·ÉÀº 10¡12¼¼ ´õ ³ô´Ù(10¡12 yrs older than femur neck) (Evans, 1951) c.
¿©ÀÚ¿¡°Ô ´õ ¸¹´Ù. ´ë»ç¼º °ñº¯È¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ ÍéÒýÍîñø ¶§¹® (because of metabolic bone
change) 2.. º´¿ø »ç¸Á·üÀº 5¡10%À̸ç, 6¡12°³¿ùÈÄ´Â 20%·Î Áõ°¡ÇÑ´Ù.
´ë°³ 3°³¿ùÈÄ¸é ´ëÅð°æºÎ°ñÀý »ç¸ÁÀ²ÀÇ µÎ¹è Á¤µµÀÌ´Ù. ¡Ø¡Ø ÀÌÀ¯1)´Â 1. ÀüÀںΰñÀýÀÇ Æò±Õ ¿¬·ÉÀÌ ³ô´Ù(4
1/2 yrs older). 2. ½ÉÇÑ ¿Ü»ó¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ ¼Õ»ó (more severe trauma). 3. ÃâÇ÷ÀÌ ´õ Å©´Ù.(blood loss is
greater). 4. ¼ö¼úÄ¡·á°¡ ÈξÀ ±¤¹üÀ§ÇÏ´Ù(operative treatment is more
extensive). 3.. Æò±Õ ¿¬·É; 66¡76¼¼ (Mulholland
1972)
C. ¼Õ»ó±âÀü---- ´ëºÎºÐ °æ¹ÌÇÑ ¿Ü»ó ( ³«»ó) ¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¿Â´Ù
¹Ý½Å¸¶ºñȯÀÚ( fractures more often on the hemiplegic site )´Â ¸¶ºñ°¡ ÀÖ´Â
ÂÊ¿¡ ¸¹´Ù. ±× ÀÌÀ¯´Â 1.¿îµ¿±â´ÉÀÇ ÀåÇØ( impaired locomotor function) 2.ºÒ¿ë¼º °ñ´Ù°øÁõ ( disuse
osteoporosis) D. µ¿¹Ý ¼Õ»ó( associated fractures) 1. ¿ä°ñ ¿øÀ§ºÎ( distal radius), 2.»ó¿Ï°ñ
±ÙÀ§ºÎ(proximal humerus) 3.´Á°ñ(rib), 4. ôÃß (spine, ¾Ð¹Ú °ñÀý) ÀÌ¸ç °³¹æ¼º °ñÀýÀÎ °æ¿ì´Â
µå¹°´Ù. E. ºÐ·ù
1. Evans ºÐ·ù
1) Á¦ 1Çü Type I : °ñÀý¼±ÀÌ ¼ÒÀüÀںο¡¼ »ó¿ÜÃøÀ¸·Î ÀÖ´Ù. a. 2ºÐ°ñÀý(two part) : ºÐ¼â°¡
¾ø´Â °ñÀý b. 3ºÐ°ñÀý : ÀüÀÚ°£ °ñÀý°ú ¼ÒÀüÀںΰñÀý, ³»Ãø°ñÇÇÁú(medial cortex)ÀÇ ºÐ ¼â¿©ºÎ°¡ ¾ÈÁ¤¼ºÀÇ ¿©ºÎÀÇ ±âÁØÀÌ´Ù. c.
4ºÐ°ñÀý : ºÐ¼â°ñÀý (´ëÀüÀÚºÎ, ¼ÒÀüÀںαîÁö °¢°¢ °ñÀýÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù.)
2) Á¦ 2Çü Type II : ¿ª »ç»ó(reverse oblique Fx) °ñÀý·Î¼ ´ë´ÜÈ÷ ºÒ¾ÈÁ¤¼ºÀÌ´Ù. ±âÁØÀº
¨ç medial cortex comminution ¨è posterior cortex comminution ¨é Head & Neck
osteoporosis
2. Tronzo ºÐ·ù¿Í Ä¡·á Á¤º¹´É·Â¿¡ ±âÁØÀ» µÐ ºÐ·ù (according to reduction
potential)
Á¦ 1Çü : ºÒ¿ÏÀü°ñÀý·Î ÀÏ¹Ý ±Ý¼ÓÁ¤ ±Ý¼ÓÆÇÀ¸·Î ÇØºÎÇÐÀû
Á¤º¹°¡´É
Á¦ 2Çü : ¿ÏÀü°ñÀý·Î ºÐ¼â´Â ¾ø´Ù. Á¦ 1Çü°ú Ä¡·á´Â
°°´Ù.
Á¦ 3Çü : ¿ÏÀü°ñÀýÀ̸ç Èĺ®ÀÌ ºÐ¼âµÈ ºÒ¾ÈÁ¤ °ñÀý·Î¼ Ư¡Àº
±ÙÀ§ºÎ(proximal part)°¡ °ñ¼ö°³»·Î °¨ÀÔµÈ »óÅ·Π´ÜÁö ³»¹Ýº¯Çü¸¸ ±³Á¤ÇÏ¸é µÈ´Ù.
Á¦ 4Çü : ÁÖµÈ °ñÆíÀÌ ¼·Î ºÐ¸®µÇ¾î ±ÙÀ§ºÎ°¡ ¿øÀ§ºÎ °ñÆí°ú Á¢ÃËÀÌ ¾î·Á¿î
»ó Ű¡ Ä¡·á´Â Àý°ñ¼ú°ú ±ÙÀ§ºÎ¸¦ ¿ÜÃø ÀüÀ§½ÃŰ°í ³»°íÁ¤ÇÑ´Ù.
Á¦ 5Çü : °ñÀý¼±ÀÌ ¿ª¹æÇâÀ¸·Î µÈ °ñÀý·Î ¿øÀ§ºÎÀÎ ´ëÅ𰣺ο¡
ÀýÈç(notching)À» ¸¸µé¾î¼ ±ÙÀ§ºÎ¸¦ Á¢Ã˽ÃŲ´Ù. ±æÀ̰¡ ªÀº ±Ý¼ÓÁ¤ ¹× ±Ý¼ÓÆÇµµ ÁÁ´Ù (short nail
plate) 3. Boyd ¿Í Griffin ºÐ·ù <Fig.24-2>
4. AO ºÐ·ù <Fig.24-3>
AO ºÐ·ù A1 Trochanteric, simple. A1.1 Cervicotrochanteric. A1.2
Pertrochanteric. A1.3 Trochanterodiaphyseal. A2 Pertrochanteric,
multifragmentary. A2.1 One intermediate fragment. A2.2 Two intermediate
fragments. A2.3 More than two intermediate fragments. A3 Intertrochanteric. A3.1
Reversed, simple. A3.2 Transverse, simple. A3.3 With additional fracture of
medial cortex. F. °ñÀýÀÇ ¾ÈÁ¤¼º( stability )
(1) ´ëÅð°ñ ³»ÇÇÁúÀÇ ºÐ¼â¿©ºÎ°¡ ¾ÈÁ¤¼º¿¡ Áß¿äÇÏ´Ù(medial cortex comminution ¿©ºÎ°¡
Áß¿äÇÏ´Ù).
(2) ´ëÇ¥ÀûÀÎ ºÒ¾ÈÁ¤¼º °ñÀýÀ̶õ?
a. °ñÀý¼±ÀÌ ¿ª¹æÇâ(reverse oblique) °ñÀý·Î¼ ³»Àü±Ù(adductor) ±ÙÀ°ÀÛ¿ëÀ¸ ·Î ¿øÀ§ºÎ°¡
³»ÃøÀ¸·Î ÀüÀ§ b. 3ºÐ(3 part), 4ºÐ(4 part) °ñÀýÀÎ ºÐ¼â°ñÀýÀ̳ª °ñÆíÀÇ ÀüÀ§·Î ¾ç³¡ÀÇ Á¢ ÃËÀÌ ÀüÇô ¾ÈµÈ
°ñÀý c. ºÒ¾ÈÁ¤ ÀüÀÚ°£ °ñÀýÀÇ 4°³ ÁÖ¿ä ±¸¼º(component)
¨ç head & neck ¨è shaft ¨é medial fragment including lesser
trochanter ¨ê posterior fragment (3) ¼ö¼úÀû Ä¡·áÀÇ ¾ÈÁ¤¼ºÀº
°ñÀý(°ñ´Ù°øÁõ)ÀÇ Á¤µµ, °ñÆíÀÇ ¼ö, Á¤º¹ÀÇ Á¤µµ, ³»±Ý ¼Ó¹°ÀÇ ÇüÅÂ, ³»±Ý¼ÓÁ¤ÀÇ À§Ä¡¿¡ ÀÇÁ¸ÇÑ´Ù.
G. Ä¡·á :
Ä¡·áÀÇ ¸ñÀûÀº ¼Õ»óÀÌÀüÀÇ »óÅ·Πȸº¹½Ã۴µ¥ ÀÖ´Ù°í ÇÏ¿©¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.( restoration of patient
to his or her preoperative status) Áï ȯÀÚ°¡ ¼úÀü¿¡ ħ´ë»ýȰÀ̳ª ÀÇÀÚ ¿¡ ¾É¾Æ »ýȰÇß´Ù°í ÇÏ¸é µ¿ÅëÀÇ Á¦°Å°¡
ù°À̸ç, ¾×ƼºêÇÑ È°µ¿À» Çß´Ù¸é ¼ö»óÀÌÀüÀÇ »óÅ·Π¸¸µé¾îÁÖ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. (1) º¸Á¸Àû Ä¡·á
ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î ¿À·£ ħ»ó»ýȰÀÇ ÇÕº´Áõ ¶§¹®¿¡ °ÅÀÇ ¾ÈÇÑ´Ù.
´ë»ó : ¨ç Á×À½ÀÌ ÀÓ¹ÚÇÑ È¯ÀÚ(terminal patient). ¨è Áø±¸¼º °ñÀýȯÀÚ(patient with
old fracture). ¨é °ñÀý¿¡µµ Àß °ßµ®³»´Â º¸Çà ºÒ´ÉÀÚ(nonambulatory patient who was comfortable
with the fracture).-by Friedenberg (2) ¼ö¼úÀû Ä¡·á Mcneil¿¡
ÀÇÇϸé 48½Ã°£ÀÌÈÄÀÇ ¼ö¼úÀº mortality rate(»ç¸Á·ü)°¡ 10 ¹èÀÌ»ó Áõ°¡ ÇÏ¿´´Ù´Â º¸°í°¡ ÀÖ´Ù. À̰ÍÀº Á¶±â ¼ö¼úÀÌ Áß¿äÇÏ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ»
³ªÅ¸³½´Ù(urgent internal fixation is needed ).
Kaufer µî¿¡ ¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ °ñÀýÆíÀÇ ¾ÈÁ¤¼º,°ß°í¼ºÀº ´ÙÀ½ÀÇ 5 ÀÎÀÚ¿Í °ü°è°¡ ÀÖ´Ù.
1. bone quality 2. fragment geometry, 3. reduction, 4.implant
design, and implant placement °¡) Á¤º¹ (reduction)
1. ÇØºÎÇÐÀû °ß°íÇÑ Á¤º¹( anatomical stable
reduction) : Laskin & Riska
2. ºñÇØºÎÇÐÀû °ß°íÇÑ ³»°íÁ¤(nonanatomical stable reduction): À̰ÍÀº ºÐ ¼â°ñÀý·Î½á
Á¤È®ÇÑ ÇØºÎÇÐÀû Á¤º¹ÀÌ ¾î·Á¿ï¶§ ÇÏ´Â ¹æ¹ýÀÌ´Ù.
¨ç ³»Ãø ÀüÀ§ Àý°ñ¼ú(medial displacement osteotomy by Dimon &
Hughston)3) - Àý°ñ¼úÈÄ °£ºÎ-°æºÎ°ñÀýÀÇ °¢µµ´Â 160¡170°°¡ ¹Ù ¶÷Á÷ÇÏ´Ù.
¨è ¿Ü¹Ý Àý°ñ¼ú(valgus osteotomy by Sarmiento)2) - ´ëÅð°æºÎ-°£ºÎÀÇ °¢µµ´Â
135°ÀÌ´Ù. ?
´Ü Á¡ i. Àý°ñ¼úÀÌ ³Ê¹« ȾÇü(transverse)À¸·Î µÇ±â ½±´Ù. ii. °íÁ¤ÈÄ¿¡ ¿ÜȸÀü º¯Çü(external
rotation deformity)ÀÌ ¿Ã ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¹®Á¦Á¡-¾Ð¹Ú°í ³ª»ç¸øÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¿© °íÁ¤ÇϸéÀº ³»ÃøÀüÀ§ Àý°ñ¼úÀÌ ÇØºÎÇÐ Àû Á¤º¹º¸´Ù ÀÌÁ¡ÀÌ ¾ø¾î
ÃÖ±Ù¿¡´Â ±ÇÀ¯µÇÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù.
¨é ¿Ü¹Ý Á¤º¹¹ý(Wayne County or valgus reduction) °æ¹ÌÇÑ ºÐ¼â°ñÀýÀÌ ÀÖÀ» ¶§ ½ÃÇàÇÑ´Ù.
´ëÅð ³»ÇÇÁúÀ» ´ëÅð°æºÎ¿Í Á÷Á¢ Á¢ÃË(direct contact) ½ÃÄѼ ³»¹Ý º¯ÇüÀ» ¸·´Â´Ù. °ñ½Ã¸àÆ® º¸°¹ý(augment with bone
cement) (Harrington, 1975) ÀúÀÚÀÇ
¼ö¼ú¹æ¹ý:------------------------
70¼¼ ÀÌ»óÀÇ ³ëÀΠȯÀÚ¿¡¼ ¿Ü¹Ý ³»°íÁ¤¼ú( valgus reduction)Àº ½Ãµµ ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù, ÀÌÀ¯´Â
³»¹Ý°í¿¡¼ ³ëÀÎȯÀÚ´Â Á»´õ Æí¾ÈÇÏ´Ù°í ÇÑ´Ù ,°ñ À¯ÇÕÀÇ ÃËÁøÀ» À§ÇØ ¹«¸®ÇÑ ¿Ü¹Ý Á¤º¹À» ½ÃµµÇÏ¸é ¿ÀÈ÷·Á °ñ´Ù°øÁõÀÌ ½É ÇÑ ´ëÅð°ñÀÇ °ñÀýÀÌ ´õ¸¹ÀÌ
ÀϾÙ, °¡´ÉÇÑ ÇØºÎÇÐÀû Á¤º¹¸¸ ½ÃµµÇϰí, Ȱ°¾Ð¹Ú °í³ª»ç °íÁ¤ÀÌ ³¡³ µÚ ºÎÂ÷ÀûÀÎ ÇØ¸é°ñ ³ª»ç¸øÀ» ´ëÅð°ñ °æºÎ ±ÙÀ§¿¡ »ðÀÔÇÏ¿© ȸÀü º¯Çü
µîÀ» ¿¹¹æÇÑ´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ °ñ ½Ã¸àÆ® º¸° ¹ýÀº Àú ÀÚ´Â °æÇèÀÌ ¾ø´Ù. c. ³»°íÁ¤ ±â±¸ÀÇ ¼±ÅÃ
(choice of an implant )
Four basic types of implant (1) fixed angle nail-plate
devices, (2) sliding nail plate devices, (3) intramedullary devices and (4)
replacement prosthesis (1)°íÁ¤°¢ -±Ý¼ÓÆÇ ( Fixed - angle
Device) -Holt, Jewett µî À̱ⱸ·Î´Â °ñÀýºÎÀ§ÀÇ collapse ¿Í impactionÀ» À¯µµ ÇÒ ¼ö ¾øÀ¸¹Ç·Î ±â±¸¸¦ »ç¿ëÀü¿¡
¾ÈÁ¤µÈ Á¤º¹ÀÌ ¿ì¼±µÇ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù(stable reduction) . Jacobs¿¡ ÀÇÇϸé joint penetration ºóµµ °¡ ³ô°Ô º¸°íµÇ°í
ÀÖÀ¸¸ç Ȱ° ¾Ð¹Ú ±Ý¼ÓÆÇÀÌ °³¹ß µÈ µÚ·Î »ç¿ëÀÌ µÇÁö ¾Ê°í ÀÖ´Ù.
(2) Ȱ° ¾Ð¹Ú °í ³ª»ç ¹× ±Ý¼ÓÆÇ (sliding hip compression screw &
plate) ¿À´Ã³¯ °¡Àå ¸¹ÀÌ »ç¿ëµÇ°í ÀÖ´Â ±â±¸ÀÌ´Ù( Today. most authors prefer)
¨Í ´ëÅð°ñµÎ ³»ÀÇ ±Ý¼Ó³ª»çÀÇ À§Ä¡( Nail placement in the femoral head )
Wilson-´ëÅð °ñµÎ³»ÀÇ ³ª»ç¸øÀÇ À§Ä¡´Â ÀǰßÀÌ ºÐºÐÇϳª Á¤Áß¾Ó ÀÌ ÁÁ´Ù center of the head on AP view and
lateral view Kaufer-low nail placement on the AP view or posteroinferior nail
placement on the lateral X-ray. maximum purchase¸¦ À§Çؼ ´Â subchondral bone ÀÇ 2 cm
À̳»±îÁö ³»°íÁ¤±â±¸ °¡ À§Ä¡ÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù°í ÇÏ¿´´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ±ÙÀ§³ª Àü¹æ(superior & anterior)¿¡ À§Ä¡ÇÏ¸é °üÀý°³»·Î Æ¢ ¾î
³ª¿Ã À§ÇèÀÌ ¸¹´Ù.
¨ç 135°side plate ¡ægolden standard : ÇöÀç¿¡ °¡Àå ¸¹ÀÌ ÀÌ¿ëµÊ. ¨è 150°side
plate¸¦ Àß ¾È¾²´Â ÀÌÀ¯ 2°¡Áö¥¡. °ñµÎÀÇ ¾àÇÑ ºÎÀ§ÀÎ Àü»óÃø¿¡ (anterosuperior) ³ª»ç¸øÀÌ À§Ä¡ÇÏ °Ô µÇ°í ¥¢. ³ª»ç¸øÀÇ
»ðÀÔºÎÀ§°¡ ưưÇÑ ÇÇÁú°ñ¿¡ À§Ä¡µÇ¾î, ÇÇÁú°ñÀÇ ÆÄ±«¿Í »ðÀÔ °¢µµ µîÀÌ Æ²·ÁÁö´Â ½Ç¼ö°¡ ¹ß»ýµÇ±â ½±±â¶§¹®À̸ç, Å« ÀÕÁ¡ ÀÌ ¾ø´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î º¸°íµÇ¾î
Áø´Ù.(by Mulholland & Gunn) Spivak µî7))¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ ¾Ð¹Ú°í
³ª»çÀÇ ½ÇÆÐ 4°¡Áö ÇüŸ¦ º¸°íÇÏ¸é ´ÙÀ½°ú °°´Ù.
Four modes of the failure of the sliding screw in hip fracture
fixation : (1)cutting out of the compression screw from the femoral head, (2)
pulling off of the side plate from the femoral shaft,(3)disengagement of the
sliding compression hip screw from the barrel, and , rarely,(4) failure the hip
screw - ÀúÀÚ¿¡ ÀÇÇϸé all screw failure ´Â original fractureÀÇ nonunion À̰ųª sliding
screw »ðÀÔºÎÀ§ÀÇ 2Â÷°ñÀý·Î º¸°íÇÏ¿´´Ù. ±Ý ¼ÓÆÄ¼ÕÀÌ ÀßµÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ºÎÀ§·Î screw- barrel junction À»
º¸°íÇÏ¿´´Ù. (3) °ñ¼ö°³»-°íÁ¤¼ú ( Intramedullary device ) ; 3 °¡Áö
ÇüÅÂÀÇ °ñ ¼ö° ³» °íÁ¤ ÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù
¨ÍÀ¯¿¬¼º °ñ¼ö°³» °íÁ¤- 1970 ³â Ender ¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ multiple flexible
condylocephalic nail ÀÌ´Ù ¸¹Àº ¹®Á¦Á¡À¸·Î ±Ù·¡¿¡ µé¾î¼ »ç¿ëÀÌ ÁÙ°í ÀÖÀ¸¸ç ¾ÈÁ¤¼º °ñÀý¿¡¸¸ ±Ç À¯µÈ´Ù.
´ÜÁ¡(1981 Chapman reported complications)5)
i) °ñ¼ö°³»¿¡¼ ¹ÛÀ¸·Î ºüÁú¼ö ÀÖ´Ù(nail backing out -knee irritation). ii)
´ëÅð°ñµÎ³»·Î Æ¢¾î³ª¿Â´Ù (perforation through head). iii) °ñÀýºÎÀ§ÀÇ È¸Àü º¯ÇüÀÌ ¿Â´Ù (rotational
deformity at Fx. site). (Raugstad - 70 % of patients had rotational deformity
after fixation with Ender nail) ¨Î ´Üµ¶ °ñ¼ö° Á¤ (single nail
by Kuntscher and Harris )
Foster ¿Í Sherk ÀÇÇϸé 51 %¿¡¼ °ß°íÇÑ ³»°íÁ¤À» ¾òÁö ¸øÇϰí deformity °¡ ¹ß»ýµÆ´Ù°í
ÇÏ¿´À¸³ª compression sliding plate ´Â ÀÌ·¯ ÇÑ °íÁ¤ÀÇ ½ÇÆÐ°¡ ¾ø¾î¼ sliding compression hip screw
À» ±ÇÀ¯ÇÏ¿´ ´Ù. ¨Ï °¨¸¶ °ñ¼ö°³» °íÁ¤(Gamma nail by Halder,
1990)
Davis µî¿¡ ÀÇÇϸé ÀåÁ¡À¸·Î closed method insertion , ( without no
periosteal stripping)À» ÇÒ¼ö ÀÖ°í, load-sparing ÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó load-sharing device ¶ó°í
ÇÏ¿´´Ù
. ¡Ø i) Halder ¿¡ ÀÇÇϸé ȯÀÚÀÇ Ã¼ÁßÀÌ ¾Ð¹Ú°í³ª»çº¸´Ù ÈξÀ ´ëÅð°Å (calcar)ÂÊÀ¸·Î Àü´ÞµÇ¾î¼
±â°èÀûÀ¸·Î ÈξÀ °Çϸç, ¼ö¼ú½Ã°£ÀÌ Âª°í (35 ºÐ), ÃâÇ÷ÀÌ Àû´Ù°í ÇÑ´Ù. ii) Leung Àº dynamic hip screw ¿Í ºñ±³ÇÏ¿©
À§¿Í °°Àº ÀåÁ¡ÀÌ ÀÖ À¸³ª mortality(at 6months)´Â Â÷À̰¡ ¾ø°í ,intraoperative complication ÀÌ ´õ³ô´Ù°í
ÇÏ¿´´Ù.. ii) Bridle ¿¡ ÀÇÇÏ¸é ±×·¯³ª ´ëÅ𰣺Π°ñÀýÀÌ ¾Ð¹Ú°í ³ª»ç(1%)¿¡ ºñÇØ¼ ÈξÀ ³ô´Ù(11%)°í ÇÏ¿´À¸¸ç
´ÜÁösubtrochanteric extension ÀÌ ÀÖ´Â ÀüÀںΠ°ñÀý À̳ª ¿ª»ç»ó °ñÀý (reverse obliquity)¿¡¼¸¸ ±ÇÀ¯ÇÏ¿´´Ù.
Radford ´Â femoral shaft fractureÀÇ ºóµµ°¡ ³ô¾Æ¼ pertrochanteri c fracture ¿¡¼ÀÇ »ç¿ëÀ» ÃßõÇÏÁö
¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. (4) °í°üÀý ´ëÅð°ñµÎ ġȯ¼ú(prosthetic
replacement)
³ëÀÎÁß, °ñ´Ù°øÁõÀÌ ½ÉÇÑ »ç¶÷, ºÐ¼â°ñÀý¿¡¼ ±ÇÀ¯µÈ´Ù.(±Ý¼Ó³»°íÁ¤¼ú º¸´Ù Á¶±â¿¡ Ȱµ¿ÀÌ °¡´ÉÇϳª, ¼ö¼úÀû ±â¼úÀÌ
¿äÇÑ´Ù.)
i) Stern & Goldstein(1977) : Leinbach ±â±¸¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇØ¼ ¼º°øÀû ÀÎ °á°ú¸¦
º¸°íÇÔ,
ÀûÀÀÁõÀº 1. ±Ý¼Ó³»°íÁ¤ÀÌ ½ÇÆÐÇ߰ųª, 2. ³ëÀÎÀÇ °ñ´Ù°øÁõÀÌ ½ÉÇϰųª, 3. ºÐ¼â°ñÀýÀÌ µ¿¹ÝµÆÀ»
¶§.
ii) Green : ¾ç±Ø °í°üÀý ¹Ýġȯ¼ú(Bipolar prosthesis) Head-Neck length¸¦
°áÁ¤ÇÏ±â ¾î·Æ´Ù°í º¸°íÇÔ.
iii) Haentjens,4) 1989 ;75¼¼ ÀÌ»óÀÇ ºÐ¼â°ñÀý ȯÀÚ¿¡¼ ½ÃÇàÇÑ´Ù. primary Bipolar
prosthesis of unstable intertrochanteric fracture in elderly patients more than
75 years of age ÀúÀÚÀǹæ¹ý--------------
70 ¼¼ ÀÌ»óÀÇ ºÐ¼â°ñÀý ȯÀÚ¿¡¼ ¾ç±Ø¼º ´ëÅð°ñµÎ ġȯ¼úÀ» ÇÑ´Ù. ȯÀÚ´Â lateral position ÇÏ¿©¼
ÈĹ浵´Þ¹ýÀ¸·Î Àý°³ ÇÑ´Ù. ´ëÅð°ñµÎ¸¦ Á¦°Å ÇÏ°í ´ëÅð°ñµÎ¿¡ ºÙ¾î ÀÖ´Â ´ëÅð°Å¸¦ ¹Ì¸® Àß¶ó¼ ½Ã¸àÆ® »ðÀԽà ½ºÅÛÀÇ ³»Ãø¿¡ ÁöÁö´ë (
buttress )·Î ÁغñÇÑ´Ù. ´ëÅð½ºÅÛ(true stem )À» ¹Ì¸® »ðÀÔÇÏ¿© neck ±æÀ̰¡ À¯Áö µÇ´Â ¹ü À§(´ëü·Î tip of
greater trochanter °¡ ´ëÅð°ñµÎ¸¦ Áö³ª°¨) ±îÁö ¸¸ ´ëÅð½ºÅÛÀ» »ðÀÔ(½ºÅÛ¿¡ chisel·Î Ç¥½Ã)ÇÏ°í ³ª¸ÓÁö´Â ½Ã¸àÆ®·Î ÃæÁøÇÑ µÚ
½Ã¸àÆ®°¡ ±»±â Àü¿¡ ´ëÅð°Å¸¦ ´ëüÇÒ °ñÆí ´ëÅð°æºÎ¸¦ ¸¸ µé¸é¼ »ðÀÔ½ÃŰÈÄ ½Ã¸àÆ®¿Í ÇÔ²² ±»Èù´Ù. ³»ÃøÀ¸·Î ÀüÀ§µÈ ¼ÒÀüÀںΠ¸¦ ã¾Æ¼ towel
clipÀ¸·Î Àâ°í ȯ»ó°¼± °íÁ¤½ÄÀ¸·Î tight ½ÃŲÈÄ ´ëÀüÀںθ¦ °¡´ÉÇÑ ¿øÀ§ºÎ·Î ´ç±â¸é¼ 8 ÀÚ °¼± °íÁ¤À» ÇÑ´Ù.³ëÀÎÀº ±ÙÀ°ÀÇ ÈûÀÌ ¾àÇÏ¿©
¼ö¼úÈÄ ½±°Ô Å»±¸ °¡ µÇ¹Ç·Î °¡´ÉÇÑ ´ëÀüÀںθ¦ ¿øÀ§·Î Àá¾Æ ´ç°Ü °íÁ¤½ÃÄѼ abductor ±ÙÀ°ÀÌ ±äÀå µÇ°Ô ¸¸µî¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ¸¶Áö¸·À¸·Î ³²¾Æ
ÀÖ´Â °ñµÎ¸¦ ºñ±¸ reamer·Î °¥¾Æ¼ °ñÀýºÎÀ§ ¿¡ °ñÀ̽ĿëÀ¸·Î ÃæÁø ½ÃŲ´Ù. G.
ÇÕº´Áõ
1) »ç¸ÁÀ²(mortality): ù 1³âÀ̳»¿¡ 10¡30%·Î ±²ÀåÈ÷ ³ô´Ù. (Kyle), ´ëÅð°æºÎ °ñÀýº¸´Ù´Â
ÈξÀ ³ô´Ù dePalma ¿¡ ÀÇÇÏ¸é ¼ö»ó´ç½ÃÀÇ È¯ÀÚÀÇ ¿¬·É°ú ³»°úÀû ¹®Á¦¶§¹®À̶ó°í Çϸç Ä¡·á¹æ¹ý°ú´Â ¿¬°üÀÌ ¾ø´Ù°í ÇÑ´Ù(related most
closely to the patient's age and medical condition at the time of
injury.)
2) â»ó°¨¿°(wound infection) : 1.7¡16.9%·Î½á ³ô´Ù.
3) ¾Ð¹Ú ±Ë¾ç( pressure sores ) 20 % ( Agarwal ) , È£¹ßºÎÀ§ - heel
,sacrum, buttocks,
4) ±â°èÀû ¹× ±â¼úÀû ½ÇÆÐ(mechanical and technical failure)
1) ³»¹Ýº¯Çü(varus deformity) : ¼ö¼úÈÄ¿¡ ¸¹ÀÌ ¿À´Â ÇÕº´ÁõÀ¸·Î ȯÀÚÀÇ »óÅ¿¡ µû¶ó¼ Àç¼ö ¼ú
¶Ç´Â ±×´ë·Î ÀÎÁ¤ (accept)ÇÒ °ÍÀΰ¡¸¦ °áÁ¤ÇÑ´Ù( a. accept the varus deformity, b. attempt to
correct deformity with skeletal traction c. reoperation.
2) ±Ý¼ÓÀÇ µ¹Ãâ(nail penetration) : °ñÀ¯ÇÕÀÌ µÉ ¶§±îÁö ±â´Ù¸®µµ·Ï ±ÇÀ¯ÇÏ´Â ÇÐÀÚµµ ÀÖ´Ù.
(Taylor)
3) ȸÀüº¯Çü(rotational deformity) : ƯÈ÷ ºÒ¾ÈÁ¤°ñÀý¿¡¼( well known problem
after internal fixation)
4) ºÒÀ¯ÇÕ(nonunion) : 1¡2%·Î ³·´Ù, ÇØ¸é°ñ·Î½á Ç÷¾×°ø±ÞÀÌ ÁÁÀ¸¹Ç·Î
treatment opti ons for nonunion 1. repeat attempts at open
reduction and internal fix ation, 2. endoprosthetic replacement 3. total hip
replacement 5) ¹«Ç÷¼º±«»ç(aseptic necrosis) : 0.8%
(Kyle) , 1-5 ³â ¿¡ ¹ß°ßµÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
6) ´ëÅð°æºÎ½ºÆ®·¹½º°ñÀý(stress fractures of femur neck) :
°ñµÎ±îÁö »ðÀÔÀÌ ¾ÈµÈ, ±Ý¼Ó ³¡¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼ ¹ß»ý H ´ëÅðÀüÀںΠ°ñÀýÈÄ ¿òÁ÷ÀÓ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Æò°¡ by Cedor 1980
Table. Motility assessment by Ceder 10) score motility o confined bed 1 wheel
chair or require support by anothe individual 2 walking frame 3 Rollater 4
Quadraped 5 walking stick 6 requiring no support II. ÀüÀÚÇϺΠ°ñÀý(ï®íù»Ý» Íéï¹, subtrochanteric
fracture)
A. ÇØºÎÇÐ
¼ÒÀüÀÚ »ó¿¬À¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ¿øÀ§ºÎ 8cm±îÁö ¶Ç´Â ¼ÒÀüÀÚ ±âÀúºÎ¿¡¼ ´ëÅð°ñ ±ÙÀ§ºÎÀÇ Çù ºÎ
(isthmus)±îÁöÀÌ´Ù.
B. ºÐ·ù (by Seinsheimer)
1) Á¦ 1Çü : ºñÀüÀ§ °ñÀý(nondisplaced) (°ñÆíÀÌ 2mm ¹Ì¸¸ÀÇ ÀüÀ§)
2) Á¦ 2Çü : ÀüÀ§°ñÀý, ºÐ¼â°¡ ¾ø´Â 2ºÐÀý °ñÀý·Î¼ Ⱦ ¶Ç´Â »ç»ó°ñÀýÀÌ´Ù.
2parts fracture II-a: transverse , II-b: spiral configuration
with lesser trochanterattached to proximal fragment 3)
Á¦ 3Çü : 3ºÐÀý °ñÀý( three part fractures) III-a; 3-part spiral configuration with
lesser trochanter a part of third fragment III-b: 3-part spiral configuation
with the third part a butterfly fragment
4) Á¦ 4Çü : 4ºÐÀý °ñÀý(comminuted with four or more
fragments).
5) Á¦ 5Çü : ´ëÀüÀںαîÁö ºÐ¼â°¡ ÀÖ´Â ÀüÀÚÇϺΠ°ñÀý(subtrochantericc-intertrocha
nteric configuration)
C. ¼Õ»ó±âÀü:( áß߿Ѧï®, injury mechanism )
1. ÁÖ·Î ÀþÀº Ãþ¿¡¼ È£¹ßÇÏ¸ç °í°üÀý°ñÀý Áß ºóµµ´Â ³·´Ù. ³ëÀÎȯÀÚ¿¡¼´Â °æ¹ÌÇÑ ³«»ó(fall) : ÀþÀº
ȯÀÚ¿¡¼´Â ±³Åë»ç°í µî °í¿¡³ÊÁö(high energy) ¼Õ»óÀÌ ÁÖ¿äÀÎ ÀÌ´Ù.
2. °ñÀýµÈ ±ÙÀ§ºÎ´Â ±¼°î ¹× ¿ÜȸÀü(Àå¿ä±Ù), ¿ÜÀü(ÁߵбÙ)µÇ°í, ¿øÀ§ºÎ´Â ´ÜÃà ¹× ³»ÀüµÇ¾î °ñÀýºÎÀ§°¡ Àß
ÀüÀ§µÈ´Ù. ¢Ñ*3. ºÒÀ¯ÇÕÀÌ Àß ¿À´Â 2°¡Áö ¿äÀÎ( 2
factors for nonunion )
¨ç °ñÀýºÎÀ§´Â ÇÇÁú°ñ(cortex)·Î µÇ¾î¼ À¯ÇÕÀÌ ¾î·Æ°í, ³»ÇÇÁúÀÇ ºÐ¼â°¡ ¿Ã½Ã´Â ³»Ãø ÁöÁö´ë »ó½ÇÀÌ
µÈ´Ù(loss of medial buttress). ¨è ÇÏÁßÀÌ ±ÙÀ§ºÎ °ñ³»Ãø¿¡ ÆíÇùµÇ¾î ½ºÆ®·¹½º°¡ ÁýÁß(forces 1200 lb/ in)µÇ´Â
ºÎÀ§´Ù( increased moment armÀ¸·Î stableÇÑ ±¸Á¶¸¦ ÀÌ·ê ¼ö ¾ø´Ù). D.
Ä¡·á
´ëºÎºÐ ºÐ¼â°ñÀýÀÌ¸ç ½ºÆ®·¹½º°¡ ÁýÁߵǴ °÷À¸·Î ³»±Ý¼Ó¹°ÀÇ ÆÄ¼ÕÀÌ Àß ¿À´Â °÷ÀÌ ¹Ç·Î °ß°íÇÑ ³»°íÁ¤ÀÌ
¿ä±¸µÈ´Ù 1. AO °â»ó ±Ý¼ÓÆÇ : [AO blade plate],
±×¿Ü prebend plate, anatomic plate (Rowe, Pana plate(Biomet)]
Waddell - ½ÇÆÐÀ² (failure rate ) 20 % Kinast 1989- ºñÁ÷Á¢ Á¤º¹ °ú ³»°íÁ¤(indirect reduction
& IF ) ÀÌ Á÷Á¢ Á¤º¹(diredt reduction)º¸´Ù °á°ú°¡ ÁÁ¾Ò´Ù°í º¸°íÇÔ ÀÌÀ¯´Â ¿¬ºÎÁ¶Á÷ÀÇ ¼Õ»óÀ» Àû°Ô ÁÖ¾ú±â ¶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù(
avoid periosteal stripping )°íÇÔ Æ¯È÷ ±âÁ¸ÀÇ Áúȯ(preexisting deformity) ÀÌ ´ëÅð±ÙÀ§ºÎ¿¡ ÀÖÀ»¶§¿Í À̹Ì
³»±Ý¼Ó °íÁ¤ÀÌ µÈ °æ¿ì(as in hip arthrodesis or arthroplasty)´Â ±Ý¼ÓÆÇ °ú ³ª»ç°íÁ¤ ÀÌ ÃÖ¼±ÀÇ
¹æ¹ýÀÌ´Ù. 2. Ȱ° ¾Ð¹Ú°í ³ª»ç :(sliding compression hip screw)-
popular method
±ÙÀ§ °ñÆíÀÇ È¸ÀüÀ» ¸·±âÀ§ÇØ ºÎÂ÷ÀûÀ¸·Î ³ª»ç¸øÀ» ±ÙÀ§ºÎ °ñÆí¿¡ ´õ »ðÀÔ ÇÒ ÇÊ ¿ä´Â ¾ø´Ù<Fig.
24-16-1> Mullaji & Thomas- 91 % union rate Ruff and Lubbers - 95 % union
rate. 3. °ñ¼ö°³» ±Ý¼ÓÁ¤ :( interlocking nail, or Ender nail,
Gamma nail)
ÀûÀÀÁõ------- 1. ÀþÀºÈ¯ÀÚÀÇ ÇùºÎÀÇ È¾ ¶Ç´Â »ç»ó °ñÀý( young patients with a low
transverse of short oblique fracture of isthmus area of femur) 2. Winter ¿¡ ÀÇÇϸé
¼ÒÀüÀںΠ2 cm ±îÁöÀÇ ¼Õ»ó¾ø´Â ÇÇÁú°ñÀÌ Á¸Àç½Ã( there is an intact ring of cortical bone on the
proximal fragment 2 cm below the lesser trochanter). ¹æ¹ý-------- a) °ñ¼ö°³» °íÁ¤ °ú
º¸Á¶ÀûÀÎ °ñÀÌ½Ä ¹× ȯ»ó °¼±°íÁ¤ ( locking of fragment s has made supplemental internal
fixation of the fragments such as cerclage or lag screw fixation). ¶ÇÇÑ Chapman ¿¡
ÀÇÇÑ intramedullary bone grafting ¹æ¹ý ÀÌ ÀÖÀ¸¸ç
first generation IM nailingÀÇ ´ÜÁ¡ÀÎ proximal locking À» °³¼±ÇÑ Russell
Taylor reconstruction nail À̳ª Synthes ÀÇ unreamed nail for femur ¿Í head and neck
¿¡´Â spiral blade À» »ðÀÔ 2¼¼´ë ±³ÇÕÁ¤( second generation nail) ÀÌ °³¹ßµÇ¾úÀ¸¸ç Howmedica »ç¿¡¼´Â
long gamma nail À» °³¹ßÇÏ¿´´Ù.?
±×·¯³ª ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ gamma nail Àº ¹Ì±¹ ¿¡¼´Â femoral shaft fracture ¶§¹®¿¡ »ç¿ëÀÌ ÁÙ°í
ÀÖ´Ù. b) 2 ¼¼´ë ±³ÇÕÁ¤ ( Second generation nails ) ÀÇ
¹®Á¦Á¡8)
´ëÅð Àü¿°°¢ ¿¡ À¯ÀÇÇÏ¿© »ðÀÔÇÏ¿©¾ß ÇÏ´Â ¾î·Á¿òÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù.(the nail must be inserted in
such a way as to accomodate the anteversion of the neck inorder to make locking
within the neck and head possible)
ÀüÀÚºÎÀ§ °ñÀýÀÎ °æ¿ì ±³ÇÕÁ¤À» »ðÀԽÿ¡ ±ÙÀ§ºÎ¿¡¼ °ñ ³»·Î »ðÀÔÀÌ ¾î·Æ´Ù(if there is fracture
through intertrochanteric area, the nail may fall out of the proximal fragment
during insertion.)
Smith µî¿¡ ÀÇÇϸéRussell-Taylor nail·Î - À¯ÇձⰣÀº 10. 5 ÁÖÀ̸ç, Áö¿¬À¯ÇÕÀ̳ª ºÒ
À¯ÇÕ, ±Ý¼Ó ÆÄ±«°¡ ¾ø¾ú´Ù°í ÇÑ´Ù. 4. º¸Á¶Àû °ñÀ̽Ä;(supplementary bone
graft) : ³»ÇÇÁú°ñÀÇ ºÐ¼â°¡ ½ÉÇҽÿ¡ ³»ÇÇÁúÁöÁö´ë(medial cortical buttress)¸¦ ȸº¹½ÃŲ ´Ù.
5. ¼Ò¾Æ¿¡¼´Â(in children fracture) ±ÙÀ§ºÎÀÇ ÀüÀ§µÈ ¹æÇâÀ¸·Î ¿øÀ§ºÎ¸¦ À̵¿½ÃÄÑ ¸ÂÃß´Â °í°üÀý
½½°üÀýÀÌ 90°-90°À§Ä¡ °ßÀÎÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ùtraction can be applied with a femoral or tibial pin.
This technique is excellent for wound care in open fractures.
F.ÇÕº´Áõ-
- 1.ºÒÀ¯ÇÕ,
- 2.ºÒ·®À¯ÇÕ,
- 3.³»±Ý¼Ó¹°ÀÇ ½ÇÆÐ(implant failure)
GÃÖ±ÙÀÇ ºÐ·ù : ±³ÇÕÁ¤(interlocking nail) »ç¿ëÀ» À§ÇÑ Russell-Taylor ºÐ·ù
ÇÐÀÚµéÀº ÀÌ»ó±Ù ¿Í(piriformis fossa) ±îÁö °ñÀýÀÌ µÇÀÖ´ÂÁö ¿¡ µû¶ó¼
¡Û Type 1 ÇüÀº Á¤Àû ±³ÇÕ¼º °ñ¼ö° ³»°íÁ¤À»
¡Û Type II ´Â ¼ÒÀüÀںΰ¡ °ñÀýÀÌ µÈ °æ¿ì·Î À̶§´Â ¾Ð¹Ú °í³ª»ç³ª, IIB´Â °ñÀ̽ÄÀ»
±ÇÀ¯ÇÏ¿´´Ù.
Russel-Taylor classification of subrochantric fracture of femur
based on involvement of piriformis fossa. Group I fractures do not extend into
piriformis fossa.
Group II fractures extend proximally into greater trochanter
and involve piriformis fossa in Type I : fractures, closed medullary nailing has
the advantage of minimizing vascular compromise of the fracture fragments. In
Type II fractures the extension into the piriformis fossa complicates closed
nailing techniques. H. º´Àû °ñÀý( Pathologic fracture)
9)
ÀüÀÌ ¾Ï (metastatic tumor) ÀÎ °æ¿ì-
°ñ¼ö°³» °íÁ¤ÀÌ ÀûÀÀÀÌ µÇ´Â °æ¿ì¶õ
°è¼ÓµÇ´Â µ¿Åë(progressive pain)
Á÷°æÀÌ 2.5cm ÀÌ»óÀÎ ÇÇÁú°ñ º´º¯( cortical lesion 2.5 cm in
diameter
°£ºÎÀÇ 1/2 ÀÌ»óÀ» ħ¹üÇÑ °ñÀý( lesion involving at least half the diameter
of femur ) ±Ý±âÁõÀÎ °æ¿ì´Â
Àý¹Ú°ñÀýÀÎ °æ¿ìµµ °ñ¼ö°³»
°íÁ¤¼úÀÌ ÀûÀÀÀÌ µÈ´Ù. ( impending fractures definition)-
Á÷°æÀÌ 3 cm ÀÌ»óÀÎ º´º¯ ÇÇÁú°ñ 50 %ÀÌ»óÀ» ħ¹üÇÑ °ñÀ¶ ÇØ ¼Ò°ß ¼ÒÀüÀÚºÎÀÇ °ß¿ °ñÀýÀÌ ÀÖ´Â °æ¿ì ¹æ»ç¼±
¼Ò°ß¿¡ °ü°è ¾øÀÌ ÆÄ ±«µÈ ºÎÀ§ÀÇ °è¼ÓÀûÀÎ µ¿Åë-ÀÌ °æ¿ì¿¡ Àç°ÇÇü ( Russell-Taylor reconstruct ion nail) ±³ÇÕÁ¤ÀÌ
È¿°úÀûÀÌ´Ù°í ÇÑ´Ù ¡Ý Âü°í ¹®Çå
1. Russell RB: Fractures of Hip and Pelvis , in Campbell's
Operative Orthopedics, 8th ed. p 896
2. Sarmiento A and Williams EM: The unstable intertrochanteric
fracture of the femur., Clin Orthop 92:77,1973
3. Dimon JH III and Hughston JC: Unstable intertrochanteric
fractures of the hip, JBJS 49-A: 440, 1967
4. Haentjens P, Castelyeyn PP and DeBoeck H : Treatment of
unstable intertrochanteric and subtrochanteric fractures in elderly patients,
JBJS, 71-A: 1214,1989.
5. Chapman MW et al : The use of Ender's pins in extracapsular
fractures of the hip JBJS 63-A:14 1981
6. Bentley G and Greer RB : Rob & Smith's Orthopedics, 4th
ed, UK, Butterworth-Heinemann Ltd,. p388, 1993
7. Spivak JM and Christiansen F : Laceration of the superficial
femoral artery by an intertrochanteric fracture fragment. J bone Joint Surg.,
69A:781-783,1987
8. Schatzker J : Subtrochanteric fractures of the femur. The
rationale operative fracture care 2nd ed. Springer ,p 354-355,1996
9. Rockwood and Green's Fractures in Adult 4th ed. 1754,
Lippincott-Laven Co. 1996
10.Ceder L, Indeberg L and Odberg E: Differentiated care of hip
fracture in elderly. Acta Orthop Scand, 51: 157-162,1980
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